Citizens Broadband Radio Service

Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is a 150 MHz wide broadcast band of the 3.5 GHz band (3550 MHz to 3700 MHz) in the United States.[1] In 2017, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed a process which began in 2012 to establish rules for commercial use of this band, while reserving parts of the band for the US Federal Government to limit interference with US Navy radar systems and aircraft communications.[2][3][4]

Not to be confused with Citizens band radio.

On January 27, 2020, the FCC authorized full use of the CBRS band for wireless service provider commercialization without the restrictions to prevent interference with military use of the spectrum.[4][5][6] Under the new rules, wireless carriers using CBRS might be able to deploy 5G mobile networks without having to acquire spectrum licenses.[1]

History

The creation of a new publicly available transmission band in the 3.5 GHz band was identified as a possibility by the US National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) for shared federal and non-federal use in its 2010 Fast Track Report.[7][8] This band was identified as the Citizens Broadband Radio Service in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking released by the FCC in December 2012, which the FCC found would "promote two major advances that enable more efficient use of radio spectrum: small cells and spectrum sharing".[9] The record was thereafter supplemented by a commission-level public notice and two workshops to discuss technical issues related to the proposed Service. In April 2014, the commission released a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that included detailed proposed rules to govern the new service.[10]

Operation

The Citizens Broadband Radio Service is governed by a three-tiered spectrum authorization framework to accommodate a variety of commercial uses on a shared basis with incumbent federal and non-federal users of the band in the US. Access and operations will be managed by a dynamic spectrum access system, conceptually similar to the databases used to manage Television White Spaces devices. The three tiers are: Incumbent Access, Priority Access, and General Authorized Access.[10]

  • Incumbent Access users include authorized federal and grandfathered fixed satellite service users currently operating in the 3.5 GHz Band.[10] Under the rules promulgated by the FCC, these users, particularly including US Navy radar operators,[11] will be protected from harmful interference from Priority Access and General Authorized Access users.[10] Existing 3650–3700 MHz band operations "are grandfathered for up to 5 years", with the FCC's Wireless Telecommunications Bureau and Office of Engineering and Technology charged with soliciting public comment on "the appropriate methodology for defining the grandfathered wireless protection zone contours".[12]
  • The Priority Access tier consists of Priority Access Licenses (PALs) that will be assigned using competitive bidding within the 3550-3650 MHz portion of the band. Each PAL is defined as a non-renewable authorization to use a 10 megahertz channel in a single census tract for three-years. Up to seven total PALs may be assigned in any given census tract with up to four PALs going to any single applicant. Applicants may acquire up to two-consecutive PAL terms in any given license area during the first auction.[10][11]
  • The General Authorized Access tier is licensed-by-rule to permit open, flexible access to the band for the widest possible group of potential users. General Authorized Access users are permitted to use any portion of the 3550-3700 MHz band not assigned to a higher tier user and may also operate opportunistically on unused Priority Access channels.[10][11]

Use of the CBRS band will not require spectrum licenses, and is expected to reduce the cost of data transmissions.[13] This will enable carriers "to deploy 5G faster and easier, using the shared airwaves instead of trying to acquire spectrum licenses at auction or through deals".[1] Since these frequencies have historically been used for government purposes, users of the CBRS band will be required to "take care not to interfere with others already using nearby airwave bands in some locations, including military radar stations and satellite receiver stations".[13] As with Wi-Fi, CBRS equipment will be deployed to individual building owners, and those owners, or end users occupying the property, would pay a fee for spectrum allocation through a server.[11]

CBRS Standards

In 2015, the members of the Wireless Innovation Forum (WInnForum) formed the Spectrum Sharing Committee to "facilitate the interpretation and implementation of FCC rulemaking to a level that allows industry and government to collaborate on the implementation of a common, well functioning ecosystem...".[14] Through this committee some 300 engineers from over 60 organizations developed the 10 baseline standards necessary for CBRS deployment.[15] These standards covered requirements, security, protocols, professional installation, priority access licensing, and testing.

Recognizing that the development of the standards alone was not sufficient to fully support a commercial ecosystem, the members of the WInnForum went on to establish a number of certification programs:

  • An accreditation program for public key infrastructure (PKI), root of trust (RoT) and certificate authorities (CA) supporting the CBRS Communications Security Standard and the PKI Certificate Policy[16]
  • An accreditation program for Certified Professional Installer (CPI) trainers following the CPI standard[17]
  • A program to authorize test labs to perform CBSD protocol testing following the WInnForum CBSD Test Standard[18]

This latter program was developed in coordination with the FCC: in order to be FCC certified to operate in the CBRS Band, an equipment manufacturer needs to show that their CBSD can communicate with a Spectrum Access System (SAS) and follow its directives as per 47 CFR Part 96. The CBRS ecosystem has developed standards in the WInnForum supporting SAS to CBSD communication (WINNF-TS-0016), and in addition, the WInnForum CBRS Test and Certification Task Group has developed a test specification (WINNF-TS-0122) and test harness supporting that standard. The FCC has determined that successful completion of the Wireless Innovation Forum defined tests will provide evidence of Part 96 compliance in this area.[19] Final test code for CBSD protocol testing was released by the Wireless Innovation Forum on 24 May 2018, and since that time over 30 CBSDs have been certified and received their FCC ID, proving compliance with WInnForum specifications.[20]

The members of the WInnForum also worked to facilitate SAS certification testing, developing an open source SAS test harness to assess compliance with the WInnForum SAS test specification (WINNF-TS-0065) and the FCC rules. This test harness was turned over to the NTIA Institute for Telecommunications Sciences on May 26, 2018 and testing began on the SAS implementations provided by Amdocs, CommScope, Google, Federated Wireless and Sony.[21] This testing was completed in June 2019, and marked the last major milestone necessary for the FCC to allow initial commercial deployment.[22][23]

CBRS Alliance

In 2016, six companies interested in promoting CBRS technology and driving adoption formed the CBRS Alliance.[11] As of mid-2017, the CBRS Alliance listed over 60 members,[24] including Alphabet[24] AT&T,[1] Charter Communications,[1] Cisco Systems,[8] Comcast,[1] the CTIA,[24] Ericsson,[8] Federated Wireless,[24] Intel,[8] Nokia,[8] Qualcomm,[8] Ruckus Wireless,[8] and SpiderCloud Wireless.[11]

Expected impact

Bloomberg Technology has described CBRS as potentially being "[m]ore reliable than Wi-Fi" and "technology that risks making Wi-Fi outmoded", and quotes CBRS Alliance president Michael Peeters characterizing CBRS as possibly "a better option for factories, airports and ports".[1] Network World has noted that it is "quite likely that the band will be used for 5G, and that might synch nicely with services offered in other countries that are actually targeting the band for 5G services".[8] It is further proposed that such a 5G network "promises to let consumers download a high-definition movie in less than a second".[1]

Early Trials

Beginning in 2017, a number of CBRS trial projects were initiated in various cities. In February 2017, Nokia, Alphabet and Qualcomm tested LTE technology in a CBRS-band broadcast of "live high-definition video of cars racing on a track in Las Vegas".[1] In April, Kansas City, Missouri "approved a Google test of 3.5GHz shared wireless in more than eight locations in that area for up to 18 months".[25] In May, Google received permission from the FCC to test wireless technology within the CBRS band at four NASCAR race events held during the summer of 2017, in Bristol, Tennessee, Brooklyn, Michigan, Darlington, South Carolina, and Richmond, Virginia.[13] By August 2017, Verizon Communications had formed a consortium "to carry out the first use of CBRS band 48 spectrum in a 4G LTE Advanced (LTE-A) carrier aggregation demonstration".[2] In November 2017, the CBRS Alliance entered into an agreement with the Wireless Internet Service Providers Association (WISPA) "to cooperate closely in the advancement of the CBRS spectrum band".[26]

Deployments

In January 2019 the Global Mobile Suppliers Association reported that there were 11 companies investing in CBRS trials in the US, including AT&T Mobility, Boingo Wireless, Charter Communications, Comcast Corporation, Google, Midcontinent Communications, T-Mobile US, US Cellular, Verizon Wireless and Windstream.[27]

Mobile Country Code 315 and Mobile Network Code 010 have been assigned for IMSIs in CBRS systems in the US.[28] The LTE frequency band for CBRS in the US is referred to as band 48 in the 3GPP standards.

In March 2019, Motorola Solutions launched Mototrbo Nitro, the first fully managed CBRS platform and product offerings. Mototrbo Nitro is a line of business-critical, CBRS communications and data products, which includes the first purpose-built OnGo portable radio. Deployment of Mototrbo Nitro infrastructure allows for services such as Nitro Cloud management, and is inter-operable with existing Mototrbo networks.[29]

References
  1. Kharif, Olga (March 9, 2017). "A World Without Wi-Fi Looks Possible as Unlimited Plans Rise". Bloomberg Technology.
  2. "Verizon-Led Team to Test Carrier Aggregation Over CBRS Band". Nasdaq. August 29, 2017.
  3. Underwood, Kimberly (2020-01-27). "Smart Spectrum Sharing". SIGNAL Magazine (AFCEA). Retrieved 2020-02-03.
  4. Eggerton, John (2020-01-27). "FCC Says 3.5GHz Services Are Good to Go". Multichannel News. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
  5. Horowitz, Jeremy (2020-01-27). "FCC unlocks 3.5GHz CBRS band, enables OnGo in Apple and Android phones". VentureBeat. VentureBeat SF. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  6. "FCC Authorizes Full Commercial Deployment in 3.5 GHz Band". US Federal Communications Commission. 2020-01-27. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
  7. "An Assessment of the Near-Term Viability of Accommodating Wireless Broadband Systems in the 1675-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz, 3500-3650 MHz, 4200-4220 MHz, and 4380-4400 MHz Bands" (PDF). National Telecommunications and Information Administration. October 2010.
  8. Brown, Bob (March 14, 2017). "FAQ: What in the wireless world is CBRS?". Network World.
  9. "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and Order: In the Matter of Amendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in the 3550-3650 MHz Band" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. December 12, 2012.
  10. "3.5 GHz Band / Citizens Broadband Radio Service". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  11. Chambers, David (November 10, 2016). "What is CBRS Shared Spectrum for in-building small cell wireless?". ThinkSmallCell.
  12. "3650-3700 MHz Radio Service". Federal Communications Commission. April 27, 2017.
  13. Pressman, Aaron (May 31, 2017). "Google's Secret Wireless Plan to Test at Nascar Races". Fortune.
  14. "Spectrum Sharing Committee Scope and Operations" (PDF). Wireless Innovation Forum. February 10, 2015.
  15. "Wireless Innovation Forum Completes Foundational Standards Enabling Operation in the 3.5 GHz CBRS Band". Business Wire. February 1, 2018.
  16. "Approved CBRS Root CA Operators". Wireless Innovation Forum.
  17. "Approved CBRS Certified Professional Installer (CPI) Training Program Administrators". Wireless Innovation Forum.
  18. "WInnForum CBSD Testing and Certification Program". Wireless Innovation Forum.
  19. "Publication 940660". Federal Communications Commission. April 19, 2019.
  20. "Equipment Authorization Search". Federal Communications Commission.
  21. "Wireless Innovation Forum Test and Certification Team Completes Major Milestone Toward Commercial Rollout of CBRS Band". Business Wire. May 29, 2018.
  22. "Spectrum Sharing Testing Reports Shared with SAS Administrators". National Telecommunications and Information Administration. June 25, 2019.
  23. "Wireless Innovation Forum Praises FCC for Bringing CBRS Ecosystem One Step Closer to Commercial Reality". Business Wire. August 2, 2018.
  24. "CBRS Alliance Members". CBRS Alliance. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  25. Hamblen, Matt (May 26, 2016). "Multiple U.S. trials underway for shared 3.5GHz wireless spectrum". CIO.
  26. Alleven, Monica (November 16, 2017). "CBRS Alliance, WISPA team up to advance 3.5 GHz ecosystem". FierceWireless.
  27. GSA: LTE in Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum: Trials, Deployments and Devices (January 2019)
  28. "CBRS assignments". IMSI Admin. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  29. "MOTOTRBO Nitro - Motorola Solutions". www.motorolasolutions.com. Retrieved 2019-03-19.

Attribution

This article incorporates some material from the US Federal Communications Commission report, 3.5 GHz Band / Citizens Broadband Radio Service, accessed August 30, 2017, a source in the public domain.

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