Codrus

Codrus (Greek: Κόδρος, Kódros) was the last of the semi-mythical Kings of Athens (r. ca 1089–1068 BC). He was an ancient exemplar of patriotism and self-sacrifice.[1] He was succeeded by his son Medon, who it is claimed ruled not as king but as the first Archon of Athens. He was said to have traced his descent to the sea-God Poseidon through his father Melanthus. [2][3]

Codrus
Codrus on a Attic red-figure cup of Bologna
Title	King of Athens
Children	Medon Acastus

The earliest version of the story of Codrus comes from the 4th oration Against Leocrates by Lycurgus of Athens.[4] During the time of the Dorian Invasion of Peloponnesus (c. 1068 BC), the Dorians under Aletes, son of Hippotes had consulted the Delphic Oracle, who prophesied that their invasion would succeed as long as the king was not harmed. The news of this prophecy, that only the death of an Athenian king would ensure the safety of Athens, quickly found its way to the ears of the king of Athens, Codrus. In devotion to his people, Codrus disguised himself as a peasant and made it to the vicinity of the Dorian encampment across the river, where he provoked a group of Dorian soldiers. He was put to death in the quarrel, and the Dorians, realizing Codrus had been slain, decided to retreat in fear of their prophesied defeat. In the aftermath of these events, it was claimed that no one thought himself worthy to succeed Codrus and so the title of king was abolished, and that of archon substituted for it.

Aristotle, in the Constitution of the Athenians, presents an alternative view that Codrus was succeeded as king by his sons Medon, and then Acastus.[5]

References

1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Codrus" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2. The Great Books of the Western World, Biographical Note
3. Diogenes Laertius Plato 1
4. Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 84-87
5. Aristotle Constitution of Athens 3