Coin of the Year Award
The Coin of the Year Award (COTY) is an awards program founded and annually conducted by the American publisher Krause Publications of Iola, Wisconsin, and directed at the coin producing industry.[1][2] Awards are given for numismatic design, artistic vision and craftsmanship. A panel of international judges chooses the coins from those issued two years prior to the year of the award.[3]
About
The COTY was awarded for the first time in 1984, in which coins issued in 1982 were assessed.[4] A panel of judges chooses ten coins to be nominees for each of ten categories.[5] These nominees will then be reviewed by an international panel of judges who are numismatic experts, journalist, authors, coin designers, and mint, bank and museum officials.[6] Category winners are selected in the first round of voting and Coin of the Year in the second round, chosen from the category winners.[7]
Categories
Awards are currently given in ten categories. When the awards were first started, there were six categories. Five categories have since been added with one dropped.
- Best Bi-Metallic: (1995–present) Bi-metallic coins are composed of two metals which can be seen, generally one metal in an outer ring and one in the inner ring.
- Best Contemporary Event: (1996–present) Coins which commemorate events, institutions physical entities, or individuals which are deemed to be most important in terms of current or recent events influencing a people or mankind.
- Best Crown: Coins which have all-around aesthetic and commercial appeal, and have a minimum diameter of 33mm.
- Best Circulating: (1987–present) Circulating monetary unit coins which are made of non-precious metals, possess all-around aesthetic and commercial appeal.
- Best Gold: Coins fabricated of gold, platinum, Palladium, or another exotic precious metal which have all-around aesthetic and commercial appeal.
- Best Silver: Coins fabricated of silver which have all-around aesthetic and commercial appeal.
- Most Popular: (1986-2013) Coins with commercial sales and artistic caliber which appeals to the general public internationally.
- Most Artistic: Coins selected solely on the value of their artistic merit.
- Most Historically Significant: Coins which commemorate events, institutions, physical entities, or individual which are deemed to be most important in terms of the historical heritage of a people or mankind.
- Most Innovative: (1990–present) Coins which contain pioneering metallic alloys, non-typical coinage materials, planchet shapes, thickness, sizes, themes, distribution methods or other innovations.[3]
- Most Inspirational: (1995–present) Coins featuring themes, events, institutions, physical entities, or individuals that represent peace, freedom, and human rights.
List of award winners
2019 (minted in 2017)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50 Euro | Silver | 500 | Monnaie de Paris | French Excellence – Guy Savoy |
Best Bi-Metallic | 2 Euro | Copper, Nickel | 10,000 | Monnaie de Paris | The Fight Against Breast Cancer |
Best Circulating | 20 Ouguiya | Brass, Nickel Bronze | Central Bank of Mauritania | Camels | |
Best Contemporary Event | 2 Rand | Silver | 1,000 | South African Mint | South African Inventions: The Heart Transplant |
Best Crown | 5 Dollar | Silver | 499 | Coin Invest Trust (for Cook Islands) | Scarab Collection: Red Dawn |
Best Gold | 100 Dollar | Gold | 100,000 | United States Mint | American Liberty - US Mint's 225th Anniversary |
Best Silver | 50 Euro | Silver | 500 | Monnaie de Paris | French Excellence – Guy Savoy |
Most Artistic | 50 Euro | Gold | 20,000 | Austrian Mint | Vienna Schools of Psychotherapy – Sigmund Freud |
Most Historically Significant | 25 Euro | Silver | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra's 175th Anniversary |
Most Innovative | 20 Dollar | Silver | 499 | Powercoin (for Palau) | Great Micromosaic Passion – Birth of Venus |
Most Inspirational | 1 Dollar | Silver | 12,256[8] | United States Mint | Boys Town Centennial Commemorative |
Reference and images:[9]
2018 (minted in 2016)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5 Euro | Copper, Nickel | 2,000,000 | German Mints | Planet Earth with Polymer Ring |
Best Bi-Metallic | 25 Euro | Niobium, Silver | 65,000 | Austrian Mint | Time |
Best Circulating | 20 Yuan | Bronze, Nickel, Steel | 8,000,000 | China Banknote Printing and Minting | Year of the Monkey |
Best Contemporary Event | 20 Francs | Silver | 30,000 | Swissmint | Gotthard Road Tunnel |
Best Crown | 50 Euro | Silver | 500 | Monnaie de Paris | Van Cleef & Arpels |
Best Gold | 100 Dollar | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Wildlife in Our Sights, The Fox |
Best Silver | 5 Dollar | Silver | 5,000 | Royal Australian Mint | Northern Sky Cassiopeia, Dome-Shaped |
Most Artistic | 5 Euro | Silver | 3,000 | Lithuanian Mint (for Latvia) | National Entrepreneur, Multi-Faceted and QR Code |
Most Historically Significant | 200 Euro | Silver | 500 | Monnaie de Paris | Joan of Arc |
Most Innovative | 5 Euro | Copper, Nickel | 2,000,000 | German Mints | Planet Earth with Polymer Ring |
Most Inspirational | 20 Dollar | Silver | 7,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | Mother Earth, 3-D Droplet |
Reference and images:[10]
2017 (minted in 2015)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 10 Euro | Silver | 6,000[11] | Italian State Mint | 70 years of Peace in Europe |
Best Bi-Metallic | 5 Euro | Copper, Nickel | 45,000 | Mint of Finland | Lapland reindeer |
Best Circulating | 25 Cent | Copper, Nickel | 776,800,000[12] | United States Mint | America the Beautiful Quarters - Kisatchie National Forest |
Best Contemporary Event | 10,000 Yen | Gold | 2,188 | Japan Mint | 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Reconstruction Program |
Best Crown | 5 Pound | Nickel | 10,000 | Royal Mint | Winston Churchill |
Best Gold | 100 Euro | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Capercaille |
Best Silver | 10 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | Mint of Finland | 70th anniversary of peace after World War II |
Most Artistic | 10 Euro | Silver | 6,000 | Italian Mint | 70 years of Peace in Europe |
Most Historically Significant | 20 Dollar | Silver | 10,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | 100th anniversary of "In Flanders Fields" |
Most Innovative | 2 Dollar | Silver | 1,500[13] | B. H. Mayer Mint (for Cook Islands) | Space Time Continuum |
Most Inspirational | 1 Dollar | Silver | 24,742 | United States Mint | March of Dimes - Salk polio vaccine |
Reference and images:[14]
2016 (minted in 2014)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50 Cent | Copper, Nickel | 257,000 | United States Mint | Baseball |
Best Bi-Metallic | 25 Euro | Niobium, Silver | 65,000 | Austrian Mint | Science of evolution |
Best Circulating | 2 Pound | Copper, Nickel | 5,720,000 | Royal Mint | WWI - Lord Kitchener |
Best Contemporary Event | 5 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | Royal Dutch Mint (for Latvia) | 25th anniversary of the Baltic Way demonstration |
Best Crown | 20 Dollar | Silver | 7,500 | Royal Canadian Mint | Maple Leaf tree canopy |
Best Gold | 5 Dollar | Gold | 17,677 | United States Mint | Baseball |
Best Silver | 20 Euro | Silver | 50,000 | Austrian Mint | Fall of the Iron Curtain |
Most Artistic | 50 Euro | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Gustav Klimt painting, Judith II |
Most Historically Significant | 10 Euro | Silver | 195,000 | German Mints | Fahrenheit’s invention of the mercury thermometer |
Most Innovative | 50 Cent | Copper, Nickel | 257,173 | United States Mint | Baseball |
Most Inspirational | 10 Zlotych | Silver | 30,000 | Polish Mint | Birth of Jan Karski |
Reference and images:[15]
2015 (minted in 2013)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50 Dollar | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Gustav Klimt - The Expectation |
Best Bi-Metallic | 25 Euro | Niobium, Silver | 65,000 | Austrian Mint | Tunneling |
Best Circulating | 25 Cents | Copper, Nickel | 920,695 | United States Mint | Mount Rushmore National Memorial |
Best Contemporary Event | 1 Ruble | Silver | 5,000 | Polish Mint (for Belarus) | 90th year of BPS-Sberbank (a Belarus bank) |
Best Crown | 10 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | B. H. Mayer Mint (for Ireland) | James Joyce |
Best Gold | 50 Dollar | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Gustav Klimt - The Expectation |
Best Silver | 1 Lats | Silver | 5,000 | Royal Dutch Mint (for Latvia) | Richard Wagner's 200th birthday |
Most Artistic | 1000 Euro | Gold | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Wildlife in Our Sights - Red Deer |
Most Historically Significant | 5 Euro | Silver | 17,500 | Royal Dutch Mint | Peace of Utrecht |
Most Innovative | 500 Tögrög | Silver | 2,500 | Coin Investment Trust (for Mongolia) | Mongolian wolf |
Most Inspirational | 3 Dollar | Silver | 15,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | Fishing |
Reference and images:[16]
2014 (minted in 2012)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 10 Euro | Silver | 30,000 | Monnaie de Paris | Yves Klein |
Best Bi-Metallic | 50 Euro | Gold, Silver | 5,000 | Mint of Finland | Helsinki - World design capital |
Best Circulating | 10 Euro | Aluminum, Bronze | 20,000 | Royal Australian Mint | Australian year of the farmer |
Best Contemporary Event | 10 Pound | Silver | 7,500 | Royal Mint | 2012 Olympic games in London |
Best Crown | 5 Dollar | Silver | 10,000 | Royal Australian Mint | Southern Cross in Night Sky |
Best Gold | 20 Euro | Gold | 1,500 | Italian Mint | Flora in the Art: Middle Ages |
Best Silver | 10 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | Monnaie de Paris | Ocean Liner |
Most Artistic | 10 Euro | Silver | 30,000 | Monnaie de Paris | Yves Klein |
Most Historically Significant | 10 Euro | Silver | 5,000 | Bank of Greece | Greek Culture: Socrates |
Most Innovative | 25 Cent | Nickel, Steel | 25,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | Glow-In-The-Dark dinosaur skeleton |
Most Inspirational | 5 Pound | Copper, Nickel | 3,000 | Royal Mint (for Alderney Island)[17] | Remembrance Day |
Reference and images:[18]
2013 (minted in 2011)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the | 5 Euro | Silver | 12,000 | Royal Dutch Mint | 100th Anniversary of the Dutch Mint Featuring QR Code |
Best Contemporary Event | 25 Euro | Silver | 65,000 | Austrian Mint | Robotics |
Best Crown | 10 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | Monnaie de Paris | From Clovis to Republic – 1500 Years of French History |
Best Gold | 50 Rand | Gold | 1,000 | South African Mint | Nature's Families: The Meerkat |
Best Silver | 20 Dollar | Silver | 200,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | Canoe |
Best Circulation | 1 Litas | Copper Nickel | 1,000,000 | Lithuanian Mint | 2011 European Basketball Championship |
Most Artistic | 1 Lats | Silver | 7,000 | Mint of Finland (For Latvia) | Alexandrs Caks, Fog mists the pane |
Most Historically Significant | 10 Som | Silver | 2,000 | Saint Petersburg Mint (for Kyrgyzstan) | The Silk Road |
Most Innovative | 5 Euro | Silver | 12,000 | Royal Dutch Mint, The Netherlands | 100th Anniversary of the Dutch Mint Featuring QR Code |
Most Inspirational | 10 Zlotych | Silver | 50,000 | Polish Mint | 100th Anniversary of the Society for the Protection of the Blind |
Most Popular | 500 Tögrög | Silver | 2,500 | Coin Invest Trust (for Mongolia) | Ural Owl |
Reference and images:[19]
2012 (minted in 2010)
Category | Face value | Metal | Mintage | Mint | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 2 Shekel | Silver | 2,800 | Israel Coins and Medals Corp. | Jonah in the Whale |
Best Circulation | 2 Euro | Bi-Metallic | 130,000 | Italian Mint (for San Marino) | 500th Anniversary of the Birth of Sandro Botticelli |
Best Contemporary Event | 10 Euro | Silver | 184,200 | Staatliche Münze Berlin[20] | German Unification |
Best Crown | 5 Diner | Silver | 3,000 | Andorra | Brown Bear |
Best Gold | 100 Pound Sterling | Gold | 7,500 | Royal Mint | Olympic Games Faster Series: Neptune |
Best Silver | 10 Euro | Silver | 30,000 | Austrian Mint | Erzberg in Styria |
Most Artistic | 2 Shekel | Silver | 2,800 | Israel Coins and Medals Corp. | Jonah in the Whale |
Most Historically Significant | 100 Dollars | Gold | 5,000 | Royal Canadian Mint | 400th Anniversary of the Hudson's Bay Company |
Most Innovative | 1,500 Francs | Silver | 2,500 | Coin Invest Trust (for Ivory Coast) | Mecca Qibla Compass |
Most Inspirational | 20 Euro | Silver | 10,000 | Mint of Finland | Children and Creativity |
Most Popular | 1.5 Euro | Silver | 11,358,200 | Austrian Mint | Vienna Philharmonic |
People's Choice | 5,000 Forint | Silver | 5,000 | Hungarian Mint | Orseg National Park |
Reference and images:[21]
2011 (minted in 2009)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 100 Rand, Gold | South African Mint, South Africa | White Rhino |
Best Contemporary Event | 10 Euro, Silver | Monnaie de Paris, France | Fall of the Berlin Wall |
Best Crown | 20 Euro, Silver | Suomen Rahapaja, Finland | Peace and Security |
Best Gold | 100 Rand, Gold | South African Mint, South Africa | White Rhino |
Best Silver | 20 Dollars, Silver | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Crystal Snowflake |
Best Trade | 2 Euro, Bi-Metallic | Mincovna Kremnica, Slovakia | First Year of Euro Issuance |
Most Artistic | 300 Dollars, Gold | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Native American Summer Moon Mask |
Most Historically Significant | 100 Tenge, Silver | Kazakhstan | Attila the Hun |
Most Innovative | 2 Pound Sterling, Silver–Crystal | Pobjoy Mint,[22] British Indian Ocean Territory | Life of the Sea Turtle |
Most Inspirational | 10 Zlotych, Silver | Mennica Polska, Poland | World War II Polish Underground |
Most Popular | 10 Euro, Silver | Austrian Mint, Austria | Basilisk of Vienna |
People's Choice | 5,000 Forint, Silver | Magyar Pénzverő Zrt., Hungary | World Heritage Sites in Hungary, Budapest |
2010 (minted in 2008)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 20 Lats, Gold | Austrian Mint, Latvia | Coins of Latvia |
Best Contemporary Event | 1 New Sheqalim, Silver | Israel Coins and Medals Corp., Israel | 60th Anniversary of Israel |
Best Crown | 10 Euro, Silver | Austrian Mint, Austria | Klosterneuburg Monastery |
Best Gold | 20 Lats, Gold | Austrian Mint,[23] Latvia | Coins of Latvia |
Best Silver | 10 Euro, Silver | Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg (Karlsruhe),[24] Germany | Franz Kafka |
Best Trade | 2 Euro, Bi-Metallic | Suomen Rahapaja,[25] Cyprus | Ancient Statue Cross |
Most Artistic | 200 Zlotych, Gold | Mennica Polska, Poland | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Most Historically Significant | 100 Tenge, Silver | Kazakhstan | Genghis Khan |
Most Innovative | 25 Euro, Silver–Niobium | Austrian Mint, Austria | Fascination Light |
Most Inspirational | 2,500 Dollars, Gold | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Towards Confederation |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | American Eagle |
People's Choice | 5,000 Forint, Silver | Magyar Pénzverő Zrt., Hungary | Tokaj Wine Region |
2009 (minted in 2007)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 500 Togrog, Silver | Coin Invest Trust, Mongolia | Wildlife Protection: Gulo Gulo |
Best Contemporary Event | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | The Desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in 1957 |
Best Crown | 20 Rouble, Silver | Lithuanian Mint,[26] Belarus | Pancake Week |
Best Gold | 1,000 Crowns, Gold | Denmark | Polar Bear |
Best Silver | 500 Togrog, Silver | Coin Invest Trust,[27] Mongolia | Wildlife Protection: Gulo Gulo |
Best Trade | 2 Euro, Bi-Metallic | Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Italy | Raphael’s Dante Alighieri |
Most Artistic | 10 Euro, Silver | Austrian Mint, Austria | Melk Abbey |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | The Founding of Jamestown in 1607 |
Most Innovative | 50 Dollars, Silver | Pobjoy Mint,[22] British Virgin Islands | Centenary of the First Colour Photograph |
Most Inspirational | 1,000 Rouble, Silver | Moscow Mint,[28] Belarus | St Euphrosyne of Polotsk |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar, Copper, Zink, Manganese, Nickel | US Mint, United States of America | George Washington |
People’s Choice | 5,000 Forint, Silver | Magyar Pénzverő Zrt., Hungary | Castle of Gyula |
2008 (minted in 2006)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50 Dollars, Palladium (Four Coin Set) | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Ursa Major and Ursa Minor Through the Seasons |
Best Contemporary Event | 1 Lats, Silver | Latvia | Latvian Independence, 1918 |
Best Crown | 10 Euro, Gold | Monnaie de Paris, France | Jules Verne, Five Weeks in a Balloon |
Best Gold | 100 Euro, Gold | Austrian Mint, Austria | The Rivergate of Vienna |
Best Silver | 1,000 Yen, Silver | Japan Mint, Japan | 50th Anniversary of Japanese Entry into the United Nations |
Best Trade | 50 Cent, clad | US Mint, United States of America | Nevada, the Silver State |
Most Artistic | 10 Crowns, Silver | Denmark | Hans Christian Andersen’s Snow Queen |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | Benjamin Franklin, Elder Statesman |
Most Innovative | 50 Dollars, Palladium (Four Coin Set) | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Ursa Major and Ursa Minor Through the Seasons |
Most Inspirational Coin[29] | 5 Dollars, Silver | Royal Canadian Mint, Canada | Imagine a World Without Breast Cancer |
Most Inspirational Coin | 5 Euro, Gold | Suomen Rahapaja, Finland | 150th Anniversary of the Demilitarization of the Aland Islands |
Most Popular Coin | 25 Cent, clad | US Mint, United States of America | Nevada, the Silver State |
People’s Choice | 50 Forint, Copper–Nickel | Magyar Pénzverő Zrt., Hungary | 50th Anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution Against Soviet Occupation |
2007 (minted in 2005)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | U.S. Marine Corps |
Best Contemporary Event | 1 Dollar, Silver | Royal Australian Mint, Australia | End of World War II “Dancing Men” |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | U.S. Marine Corps |
Best Gold | 100 Euro, Gold | Minted by all German mints,[30] Germany | 2006 FIFA World Cup |
Best Silver | 20 Euro, Silver | Austrian Mint, Austria | SMS Sankt Georg |
Best Trade | 25 Cent, clad | US Mint, United States of America | Oregon, Crater Lake |
Coin of the Year | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | U.S. Marine Corps |
Most Artistic | 20 Rouble, Silver | Latvian Mint,[31] Belarus | Easter Egg |
Most Historically Significant | 10 Euro, Silver | Landesbetrieb Hamburgische Münze,[32] Germany | Albert Einstein, 100 Years Special Relativity |
Most Innovative | 1 Dollar, Silver | Royal Australian Mint, Australia | End of World War II “Dancing Men” |
Most Inspirational | 2 New Sheqalim, Silver | Israel Coins and Medals Corp., Israel | Moses and the 10 Commandments |
Most Popular | 5 Cent, Copper-Nickel | US Mint, United States of America | Bison |
2006 (minted in 2004)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5 Euro, Silver | Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Italy | Madama Butterfly |
Best Contemporary Event | 50 Pound Sterling, Silver | Royal Mint, Alderney | 50th Anniversary of D-Day Invasion of Normandy |
Best Crown | 1 Pound, Copper–Nickel | Cyprus | Triton Sounding a Conch |
Best Gold | 2,000 Yuan, Gold | China | Maijishan Grottoes |
Best Silver | 1 Dollar, Silver | Royal Australian Mint, Australia | Kangaroo |
Best Trade | 2 Euro, Bi-Metallic | Greece | Olympic Discus Thrower |
Most Artistic | 5 Euro, Silver | Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Italy | Madama Butterfly |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Dollar, Silver | US Mint, United States of America | 125th Anniversary of Edison's Electric Light |
Most Innovative | 10 Dollars, Silver | Coin Invest Trust,[27] Liberia | Window with Tiffany Glass Inlay |
Most Inspirational | 20 Zlotych, Silver | Mennica Polska, Poland | Victims of the Lodz Ghetto |
Most Popular | 1.5 Euro, Silver | Monnaie de Paris, France | 100 Years FIFA |
2005 (minted in 2003)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 100-Rouble Silver | Belarus | Belarus Ballet |
Best Contemporary Event | 2-Pound Bi-Metallic | United Kingdom | The Discovery of DNA |
Best Crown | 20-Rouble Silver | Belarus | Mute Swan |
Best Gold | 100-Euro Gold | Austria | Klmit's "The Kiss" |
Best Silver | 10-Euro Silver | Spain | 75th Anniversary of the School Ship El Cano |
Best Trade | 5-Euro Bi-Metallic | Finland | Ice Hockey World Championships |
Most Artistic | 100-Rouble Silver | Belarus | Belarus Ballet |
Most Historically Significant | 10-Dollar Silver | Australia | Evolution of the Alphabet |
Most Innovative | 1 Dollar Silver, Emerald | Cook Islands | Gemstone Zodiac Locket |
Most Inspirational | 50-Cent Cupronickel | Australia | Australia's Volunteers |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Nickel, Brass | New Zealand | The Lord of the Rings |
2004 (minted in 2002)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5-Euro Silver | Austria | Schoenbrunn Zoo |
Best Contemporary Event | 5-Pound Gold | United Kingdom | 50th Anniversary of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth II |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | West Point Military Academy |
Best Gold | 50-Euro Gold | Austria | The Order of Saint Benedict and the Order of Saint Scholastica |
Best Silver | 10-Euro Silver | Austria | Ambras Palace |
Best Trade | 1 Real Bi-Metallic | Brazil | Liberty |
Most Artistic | 1 Lats Silver | Latvia | Destiny, Roots |
Most Historically Significant | 25-Cent Clad | United States of America | Ohio, Birthplace of Aviation Pioneers |
Most Innovative | 60-Pence Bronze, Silver | Isle of Man | Currency Converter |
Most Inspirational | 5-Pound Silver | United Kingdom | Princess Diana of Wales |
Most Popular | 5-Euro Silver | Austria | Schoenbrunn Zoo |
2003 (minted in 2001)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Franc Silver | France | The Last Franc |
Best Contemporary Event | 500-Franc Silver | Belgium | The Birth of the European Euro |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar Silver | Australia | Aboriginal Kangaroo |
Best Gold | 500-Yuan Gold | Gold | Panda |
Best Silver | 20-Yuan Silver | China | Mogao Grottoes |
Best Trade | 25-Cent Clad | United States of America | Rhode Island, The Ocean State |
Most Artistic | 25-Rouble Silver | Russia | 225th Anniversary of the Bolshoi Theater |
Most Historically Significant | 10-Dollar Silver | Australia | The Evolution of the Calendar |
Most Innovative | 1 France Silver | France | The Last Franc |
Most Inspirational | 1 Crown Cupronickel | Gibraltar | Florence Nightingale |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Buffalo |
2002 (minted in 2000)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Voyage of Leif Ericson |
Best Contemporary Event | 10-Mark Silver | Germany | 10th Anniversary of German Reunification |
Best Crown | 100-Schilling Silver | Australia | Celtic Heritage |
Best Gold | 200-Dollar Gold | Canada | Inuit Mother and Child |
Best Silver | 1 Onza Silver | Mexico | Winged Victory |
Best Trade | 50-Cent Cupronickel | Australia | Visit by Queen Elizabeth II |
Most Artistic | 50-Lithu Silver | Lithuania | Discus Thrower |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Silver Dollar | United States of America | Voyage of Leif Ericson |
Most Innovative | 500-Yen Copper, Zinc, Nickel | Japan | Paulownia Flower |
Most Inspirational | 50-Dollar Aluminium, Bronze | Australia | Paralympics |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Nickel | United States of America | Sacagawea |
2001 (minted in 1999)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5,000-Lire Silver | Italy | World Encircled by Birds and Stars |
Best Contemporary Event | 50-Schilling Bi-Metallic | Austria | European Monetary Union |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Dolley Madison |
Best Gold | 10,000-Korun Gold | Czech Republic | Charles IV |
Best Silver | 2-Pound Silver | United Kingdom | Britannia in Chariot |
Best Trade | 25-Cent Clad | United States of America | New Jersey, Crossroads of the Revolution |
Most Artistic | 5,000-Lire Silver | Italy | World Encircled by Birds and Stars |
Most Historically Significant | 100-Schilling Silver | Austria | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
Most Innovative | 1 Lats Silver | Latvia | Millennium, Button |
Most Inspirational | 10-Hyrven Silver | Ukraine | Birth of Jesus |
Most Popular | 5-Pound Cupronickel | United Kingdom | Diana, Princess of Wales |
2000 (minted in 1998)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 500-Schilling Silver | Austria | Book Printing |
Best Contemporary Event | 2-New Sheqalim Silver | Israel | 50th Anniversary of Israel |
Best Crown | 1,000-Escudos Silver | Portugal | International Oceans Exposition |
Best Gold | 250-Dollar Gold | Singapore | Year of the Tiger |
Best Silver | 500-Schilling Silver | Austria | Book Printing |
Best Trade | 50-Schilling Bi-Metallic | Austria | Austrian Presidency of the European Union |
Most Artistic | 10-Diners Silver | Andorra | Europa Driving a Quadriga |
Most Historically Significant | 200-Escudo Cupronickel | Portugal | 500th Anniversary of the Voyage to India |
Most Innovative | 2-Dollar, 2-Dollar, 2-Tala Silver | Cook Islands, Fiji, Western Samoa | Tripartite Convention |
Most Inspirational | 14-Euro Silver | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Dove of Peace |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | Canada | 125th Anniversary of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police |
1999 (minted in 1997)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Rand Silver | South Africa | Women of South Africa |
Best Contemporary Event Coin | 1 Rand Gold | South Africa | First Heart Transplant |
Best Crown | 2-Pound Silver | United Kingdom | Britannia |
Best Gold | 200-Dollar Gold | Canada | Haida Carved Mask |
Best Silver | 100-Schilling Silver | Austria | Emperor Maximilian of Mexico |
Best Trade | 2-Zloty Brass | Poland | Pieskowa Skala Castle |
Most Artistic | 1 Rand Silver | South Africa | Women of South Africa |
Most Historically Significant | 100-Dollar Gold | Canada | Alexander Graham Bell |
Most Innovative | 5-Dollar Silver | Kiribati and Western Samoa Joint Issue | War and Peace |
Most Inspirational | 10-Leon Silver | Sierra Leon | Mother Teresa and Princess Diana |
Most Popular | 100-Dollar Platinum | United States of America | Statue of Liberty, Eagle |
1998 (minted in 1996)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 60-Dollar Gold | Bermuda | Bermuda Triangle |
Best Contemporary Event | 14-Euro Silver | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Dayton Peace Accord |
Best Crown | 500-Schilling Silver | Austria | Innsbruck Town Market |
Best Gold | 60-Dollar Gold | Bermuda | Bermuda Triangle |
Best Silver | 100-Rouble Silver | Russia | The Nutcracker Ballet, Marsha and the Nutcracker |
Best Trade | 2-Dollar Bi-Metallic | Canada | Polar Bear |
Most Artistic | 100-Markkaa Silver | Finland | Helene Schuerbeck |
Most Historically Significant | 30-New Sheqalim Silver | Israel | 3000th Anniversary of Jerusalem |
Most Innovative | 60-Dollar Gold | Bermuda | Bermuda Triangle |
Most Inspirational | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Paralympics |
Most Popular | 2-Dollar Bi-Metallic | Canada | Polar Bear |
1997 (minted in 1995)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 100-Markkaa Silver | Finland | 50th Anniversary of the United Nations |
Best Contemporary Event | 100-Rouble Silver | Russia | 50th Anniversary of the End of World War II |
Best Crown | 200-Schilling Silver | Austria | Olympics, Ribbon Dancer |
Best Gold | 500-Franc Gold | France | 50th Anniversary of Victory in Europe (V.E.) Day |
Best Silver | 100-Markkaa Silver | Finland | 50th Anniversary of the United Nations |
Best Trade | 1 Dollar Aluminum, Bronze | Australia | Waltzing Matilda |
Most Artistic | 100-Markkaa Silver | Finland | 50th Anniversary of the United Nations |
Most Historically Significant | 10-Mark Silver | Germany | Centennial of the X-ray |
Most Innovative | 500-Schilling Bi-Metallic | Austria | Austria in the European Union |
Most Inspirational | 500-Franc Gold | France | 50th Anniversary of Victory in Europe (V.E.) Day |
Most Popular | 50-Cent Silver | United States of America | Olympic Baseball |
1996 (minted in 1994)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50-Pence Cupronickel | United Kingdom | 50th Anniversary of the Invasion of Normandy |
Best Contemporary Event | 50-Pence Cupronickel | United Kingdom | 50th Anniversary of the Invasion of Normandy |
Best Crown | 100-Franc Silver | France | Olympics, Javelin Thrower |
Best Gold | 1,000-Schilling Gold, Silver | Austria | 800th Anniversary of the Vienna Mint |
Best Silver | 1,000-Lire Silver | Italy | 400th Anniversary of Tintoretto |
Best Trade | 20-Franc Tri-Metallic | France | Pierre de Coubertin |
Most Artistic | 100-Markkaa Silver | Finland | European Athletic Championships |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Thomas Jefferson, Architect of Democracy |
Most Innovative | 5-Dollar Silver | Bahamas | Golf, Hole In One |
Most Inspirational | 300,000-Zlotych Silver | Poland | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Most Popular | 50-Pence Cupronickel | United Kingdom | 50th Anniversary of the Invasion of Normandy |
1995 (minted in 1993)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 500-Franc Gold | France | Louvre Museum, Mona Lisa |
Best Crown | 10-Dollar Silver | Fiji | Captain William Bligh |
Best Gold | 500-Franc Gold | France | Louvre Museum, Mona Lisa |
Best Silver | 150-Yuan Silver | China | Peacocks |
Best Trade | 50-Korun Bi-Metallic | Czech Republic | Prague City |
Most Artistic | 500-Schilling Silver | Austria | Halstatt |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Franc Silver | France | D-Day |
Most Innovative | 20-Diner European Currency Unit Silver | Andorra | Saint George |
Most Inspirational | 300,000-Zlotych Silver | Poland | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Most Popular | 1 Crown Cupronickel | Gibraltar | Stegosaurus |
1994 (minted in 1992)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 500-Lire Silver | Italy | Flora and Fauna |
Best Crown | 100-Schilling Silver | Austria | Kaiser Karl V |
Best Gold | 5-Dollar Gold | United States of America | Christopher Columbus |
Best Silver | 2,000-Peseta Silver | Spain | Barcelona Olympics |
Best Trade | 20-Franc Tri-Metallic | France | Mont Saint Michel |
Most Artistic | 500-Lire Silver | Italy | Flora and Fauna |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Rouble Cupronickel | Russia | Rebirth of Sovereignty |
Most Innovative | 20-Franc Tri-Metallic | France | Mont Saint Michel |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | White House |
Special Recognition for Merit of Design | 2-Rand Silver | South Africa | Minting Process |
1993 (minted in 1991)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 500-Lire Silver | Italy | 2,100th Anniversary of the Ponte Milvio Bridge |
Best Crown | 100-Franc Silver | France | Olympics, Ski Jump |
Best Gold | 100,000-Yen Gold | Japan | Enthronement of the Emperor |
Best Silver | 10-Leke Silver | Albania | Olympics, Equestrian |
Best Trade | 200-Escudo Aluminum, Bronze, Cupronickel | Portugal | Garcia De Orta |
Most Artistic | 500-Lire Silver | Italy | 2,100th Anniversary of the Ponte Milvio Bridge |
Most Historically Significant | 3-Rouble Silver | Russia | Yuri Gagarin, First Man in Space |
Most Innovative | 10-Leke Silver | Albania | Olympics, Equestrian |
Most Popular | 5-Dollar Silver | Australia | Kookaburra |
1992 (minted in 1990)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Crown Cupronickel | Isle of Man | Penny Black |
Best Crown | 1 Crown Cupronickel | Isle of Man | Penny Black |
Best Gold | 25-Rouble Palladium | Russia | Peter the Great |
Best Silver | 100-Franc Silver | France | Charlemagne |
Best Trade | 5-Kroner Cupronickel | Denmark | Queen Margrethe II Mongram |
Most Artistic | 100-Markka Silver | Finland | 50th Anniversary of Veterans |
Most Historically Significant | 20-Mark Cupronickel | Germany | Opening of the Brandenburg Gate |
Most Innovative | 1 Crown Cupronickel | Isle of Man | Penny Black |
Most Popular | 1 Crown Silver | Isle of Man | Alley Cat |
Special Recognition for Merit of Design | 50-Cent Cupronickel | New Zealand | 150th Anniversary of Waitangi |
1991 (minted in 1989)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5-Franc Cupronickel | France | Eiffel Tower |
Best Crown | 5,000-Peseta Silver | Spain | 500th Anniversary of the Discovery of America |
Best Gold | 2,000-Schilling Gold | Austria | Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra |
Best Silver | 1 Dollar Silver, 25-Cent Silver | Australia | Crocodiles (“Holey), Aboriginal Mythology (“Dump”) |
Best Trade | 5-Franc Cupronickel | France | Eiffel Tower |
Most Artistic | 5-Franc Cupronickel, 5-Pound Gold, 2-New Sheqalim Silver | France, United Kingdom, Israel | Eiffel Tower, 500th Anniversary of the Gold Sovereign, 41st Anniversary of Israel |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Sovereign Gold | United Kingdom | 500th Anniversary of the Gold Sovereign |
Most Popular | 5-Franc Cupronickel | France | Eiffel Tower |
1990 (minted in 1988)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50-Leke Silver | Albania | Railroads |
Best Crown | 500-Forint Silver | Hungary | 25th Anniversary of the World Wildlife Fund |
Best Gold | 100-Pound Gold | Egypt | Golden Warrior |
Best Silver | 100-Yuan Silver | China | Year of the Dragon |
Best Trade | 50-Cent Cupronickel | Australia | Bicentennial of Australia |
Most Artistic | 50-Franc Cupronickel | Switzerland | Olympics, Dove and Rings |
Most Historically Significant | 500-Forint Silver | Hungary | 950th Anniversary of Saint Stephen |
Most Innovative | 50-Leke Silver | Albania | Railroads |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Olympics, 1988, Rings and Wreath |
1989 (minted in 1987)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 100-Pound Gold | United Kingdom | Britannia |
Best Crown | 50-Dollar Silver | Cook Islands | Olympics, Seoul Games |
Best Gold | 100-Pound Gold | United Kingdom | Britannia |
Best Silver | 1 Dollar Silver | Canada | 400th Anniversary of the Davis Straight |
Best Trade | 5-Franc Cupronickel | Switzerland | Centennial of Le Corbusier |
Most Artistic | 100-Pound Gold | United Kingdom | Britannia |
Most Historically Significant | 1 Dollar Clad, 5-Dollar Gold | United States of America | Bicentennial of the United States’ Constitution |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Clad, 5-Dollar Gold | United States of America | Bicentennial of the United States’ Constitution |
1988 (minted in 1986)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 5-Dollar Gold | United States of America | Bicentennial of the Statue of Liberty |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar Silver | Canada | Centennial of Vancouver |
Best Gold | 100,000-Yen Gold | Japan | 60th Year of the Reign of Emperor Hirohito |
Best Silver | 1 Dollar Silver | Canada | Centennial of Vancouver |
Best Trade | 500-Yen Cupronickel | Japan | 60th Year of the Reign of Emperor Hirohito |
Most Artistic | 25-Tala Silver | Western Samoa | Voyage of the Kon-Tiki |
Most Historically Significant | 500-Schilling Silver | Austria | 500th Anniversary of the Striking of the First Thaler Coin |
Most Popular | 5-Dollar Gold | United States of America | Bicentennial of the Statue of Liberty |
1987 (minted in 1985)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50-Markkaa Silver | Finland | Kalevala National Epic |
Best Crow | 50-Markkaa Silver | Finland | Kalevala National Epic |
Best Gold | 5-Pound Gold | United Kingdom | Saint George Slaying the Dragon |
Best Silver | 50-Markkaa Silver | Finland | Kalevala National Epic |
Best Trade | 1 Dollar Copper, Aluminum, Nickel | Australia | Kangaroos |
Most Artistic | 50-Markkaa Silver | Finland | Kalevala National Epic |
Most Historically Significant | 500-Schilling Silver 100-Rupee Silver | Austria, India | 2000th Anniversary of Bregenz, Indira Gandhi memorial |
Most Popular | 20-Dollar Silver | Canada | Olympics, 1988, Downhill Skiing |
1986 (minted in 1984)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 100-Dollar Gold | Canada | 450th Anniversary of Jacques Cartier's Voyage of Discovery |
Best Crown | 10-Dollar Silver | Barbados | Three Dolphins |
Best Gold Coin | 100-Dollar Gold 1 Angel Gold | Canada, Isle of Man | 450th Anniversary of Jacques Cartier's Voyage of Discovery, Archangel Michael Slaying the Dragon |
Best Silver | 20-Balboa Silver | Panama | Balboa Discovers the Pacific Ocean |
Most Artistic | 20-Balboa Silver | Panama | Balboa Discovers the Pacific Ocean |
Most Historically Significant | 100-Franc Silver 100-Dollar Gold | France, Canada | Two Time Nobel Prize Winner Marie Curie, 450th Anniversary of Jacques Cartier's Voyage of Discovery |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Olympics, XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California |
1985 (minted in 1983)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Olympics, Discus Thrower |
Best Crown | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Olympics, Discus Thrower |
Best Gold | 100-Pound Gold 100-Yuan Gold | Egypt, China | Cleopatra VII, Panda |
Best Silver | 10-Yuan Silver | China | Panda and Cub |
Most Artistic | 5-Dollar Silver | British Virgin Islands | Yellow Warbler |
Most Historically Significant | 5-Yuan Silver | China | Marco Polo |
Most Popular | 1 Dollar Silver | United States of America | Olympics, Discus Thrower |
1984 (minted in 1982)
Category | Face value and metal | Executing company, issuing country | Topic |
---|---|---|---|
Coin of the Year | 50-Cent Silver | United States of America | 250th Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington |
Best Crown | 20-Yuan Silver | China | Year of the Dog |
Best Gold | 100-Dollar Gold | Canada | New Constitution, 1982 |
Best Silver | 20-Balboa Silver | Panama | Balboa's Discovery of the Pacific Ocean |
Most Artistic | 100-Dollar Gold | Canada | New Constitution, 1982 |
Most Historically Significant | 50-Cent Silver | United States of America | 250th Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington |
Most Popular | 50-Cent Silver | United States of America | 250th Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington |
References
- General
- Scarinci, Donald (15 June 2015). Coin of the Year: Celebrating Three Decades of the Best in Coin Design and Craftsmanship (PDF). Krause Publications. ISBN 9781440244766.
- "Brandywine Krause Publications Coin of the Year Collection (1982-Present)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- Specific
- The American Legion. American Legion. 1986. p. 13.
- The Numismatist, Volume 113 American Numismatic Association, 2000
- "Glow-in-the dark quarter is coin of the year". Bayview News, November 20, 2013
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-09. Retrieved 2012-10-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). List of the COTY Awards since 1984. In 2015 this list was also published as a paper-printed book: Donald Scarinci: Coin of the Year. Celebrating Three Decades of the Best in Coin Design and Craftsmanship, Krause Publications, Iola (WI) 2015.
- "The 2015 Coin of the Year Award Nominees". Numismatic News. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- "Thirty-Sixth Awards Ceremony Program" (PDF). Krause Publications. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- "The 2015 Coin of the Year Award Nominees". Numismatic News. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- "US Mint Sales Report". Coinupdate. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- "Coin of the year awards given in Berlin". Numismatic News. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- "Coin of the year winners announced". Numismatic News. February 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- "Italy 2015 70 Years of Peace 10 Euro Silver Coin". CoinWeek. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- "US Mint produces 13.1 Billion coins for Circulation in 2018". CoinNews. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- "Cook Islands coin explores space time continuum dimensionally". CoinWorld. 3 October 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- "Coin of the Year's 10 winners". Numismatic News. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- "Coin of the Year Awards Category Winners Announced". Numismatic News. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- "2015 Coin of the Year Award Category Winners". World Mint News Blog. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- "Commemorative Coins". States of Alderney. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- "Krause Publications 2014 Con of the Year Winners". Donald Scarinci. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- "Krause Publications Announces 2013 Coin of the Year Winners". CoinWeek. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- Gerhard Schön: Euro-Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der europäischen Währungsunion 1999–2011, 10th edition, Battenberg Verlag, Regenstauf 2011, p. 139.
- "Krause Publications Announces 2012 Coin of the Year Winners". CoinWeek. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- List of award-winning coins minted by Pobjoy Mint.
- Technical details of the coin series Coins of Latvia.
- Gerhard Schön: Euro-Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der europäischen Währungsunion 1999–2011, 10th edition, Battenberg Verlag, Regenstauf 2011, p. 132.
- Gerhard Schön: Euro-Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der europäischen Währungsunion 1999–2011, 10th edition, Battenberg Verlag, Regenstauf 2011, p. 803.
- Technical details of Maslenitsa. Archived 2015-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Archived 2015-11-23 at the Wayback Machine Webpage of Coin Invest Trust with all award-winning coins.
- Technical details of St Euphrosyne of Polatsk. Archived 2015-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Was awarded twice in this year.
- Gerhard Schön: Euro-Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der europäischen Währungsunion 1999–2011, 10th edition, Battenberg Verlag, Regenstauf 2011, p. 124.
- Technical details of Velikdzen. Archived 2015-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Gerhard Schön: Euro-Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der europäischen Währungsunion 1999–2011, 10th edition, Battenberg Verlag, Regenstauf 2011, p. 123.