Cowan Tunnel

The Cowan Tunnel, or Cumberland Mountain Tunnel, is a railroad tunnel near Cowan, Tennessee.

Cowan Tunnel

View from north end into tunnel interior. The old Mountain Goat rail bed bridge is in the foreground.
Overview
Coordinates	35°09′08″N 85°58′31″W
Status	Open
Start	35°09′15.3828″N 85°58′42.2004″W
End	35°09′2.4336″N 85°58′21.2268″W
Operation
Constructed	1849–1853
Opened	1853
Owner	CSX Railroad
Technical
Length	2,200 ft (670 m)

Cumberland Mountain Tunnel
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Nearest city	Cowan, Tennessee
Area	42 acres (17 ha)
Built	1849
NRHP reference No.	77001270[1]
Added to NRHP	August 22, 1977

The tunnel was built by the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad Company and was completed in 1852 with the tracks laid in 1853 with a total length of 2,200 ft (670 m). The strategically important tunnel, part of the rail linkage between the Midwestern United States and the Southeastern United States, played a vital role during the American Civil War. It was considered a major engineering feat at the time. It is still operational and owned by CSX Railroad.[2] The tunnel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.[1]

History

Construction on the tunnel began in 1849 and was completed in 1852 with the tracks completed in 1853. Work was undertaken by African American slaves, Irish immigrants, and local workers with Swiss engineers. Three ventilation shafts approximately 170 ft (52 m) deep were created during the construction to facilitate air circulation, provide additional work areas, and to enable evacuation of steam and smoke from the steam locomotives during use. The importance of the tunnel was recognized during the American Civil War with both sides fighting over but never destroying the tunnel. The use of the tunnel continues today with freight trains frequently running through it.[2]

• 
  Tunnel interior from the north with the Mountain Goat rail bridge in the foreground.
• 
  Tunnel entrance from the south looking north.
• 
  Southern tunnel vent exterior.
• 
  Southern tunnel vent interior.
• 
  Middle tunnel vent exterior.
• 
  Middle tunnel vent interior.
• 
  Northern tunnel vent exterior.
• 
  Northern tunnel vent interior.

Bibliography

• Smith, Gerald (2010). Sewanee Places. The University of the South. ISBN 978-0-918769-57-2.

References

1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. Smith 2010, pp. 98–99 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmith2010 (help)