Crank machine
The crank machine was a penal labour device used in England in the 19th century. It consisted of a hand-turned crank which forced four large cups or ladles through sand inside a drum, doing nothing useful.
Cell, with Prisoner at Crank-Labour, In the Surrey House of Correction, 1851
Crank machine model, from the Oxford Prison & Castle museum.
The prisoner would typically be forced to do 6,000–14,400 revolutions over the period of six hours per day (1.5–3.6 seconds per revolution). The prison warden could make the task harder by tightening an adjusting screw, hence the slang term "screw" for a warden.
In 1895, there were 29 crank machines in use, but by 1901 there were only 5.[1]
See also
References
- Britannica editors (1926). Britannica on the treadmill. 13th edition: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 September 2016.CS1 maint: location (link)
Bibliography
- "Inveraray Jail and County Court, Life in Jail". 2016. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- "BBC - A History of the World - The Crank". 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- "Prison Treadmills". No tech. Low-tech magazine. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
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