DLK1

Protein delta homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLK1 gene.[4][5][6]

DLK1
Identifiers
Aliases	DLK1, DLK, DLK-1, Delta1, FA1, PREF1, Pref-1, ZOG, pG2, AW742678, DlkI, Ly107, Peg9, SCP1, delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1
External IDs	OMIM: 176290 MGI: 94900 HomoloGene: 2846 GeneCards: DLK1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q32.2 Start 100,725,705 bp[1] End 100,738,224 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • calcium ion binding • molecular function Cellular component • integral component of membrane • membrane • extracellular • cytoplasm Biological process • cell differentiation • negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8788	13386
Ensembl	ENSG00000185559	ENSMUSG00000040856
UniProt	P80370	Q09163
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001032997 NM_003836 NM_001317172	NM_001190703 NM_001190704 NM_001190705 NM_010052
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001304101 NP_003827 NP_003827.3	NP_001177632 NP_001177633 NP_001177634 NP_034182
Location (UCSC)	Chr 14: 100.73 – 100.74 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	[3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

It is expressed as a transmembrane protein, but a soluble form cleaved off by ADAM17 is active in inhibiting adipogenesis,[7] the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes.[8]

It is a member of the EGF-like family of homeotic proteins.[9]

Part of the Dlk1-DIO3 imprinting control region, this gene is one involved in the epigenetic process that causes a subset of genes to be regulated based on their parental origin.[10]

Such imprinted genes are required for the formation of the placenta as well as the development of cellular lineages such as those derived from the mesoderm and ectoderm.[11]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185559 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Laborda J, Sausville EA, Hoffman T, Notario V (1993). "dlk, a Putative Mammalian Homeotic Gene Differentially Expressed in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Line". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (6): 3817–20. PMID 8095043.
5. Jensen CH, Krogh TN, Højrup P, Clausen PP, Skjødt K, Larsson LI, Enghild JJ, Teisner B (1994). "Protein Structure of Fetal Antigen 1 (FA1). A Novel Circulating Human Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Like Protein Expressed in Neuroendocrine Tumors and its Relation to the Gene Products of Dlk and pG2". European Journal of Biochemistry. 225 (1): 83–92. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00083.x. PMID 7925474.
6. EntrezGene 8788
7. Wang Y, Sul HS (2009). "Pref-1 Regulates Mesenchymal Cell Commitment and Differentiation through Sox9". Cell Metabolism. 9 (3): 287–302. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.013. PMC 2673480. PMID 19254573.
8. Adipogenesis at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
9. Laborda J (2000). "The role of the epidermal growth factor-like protein dlk in cell differentiation". Histology and Histopathology. 15 (1): 119–29. PMID 10668203.
10. Lin SP, Coan P, da Rocha ST, Seitz H, Cavaille J, Teng PW, Takada S, Ferguson-Smith AC (Jan 2007). "Differential regulation of imprinting in the murine embryo and placenta by the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting control region". Development. 134 (2): 417–426. doi:10.1242/dev.02726. PMID 17166925.
11. Hernandez A, Fiering S, Martinez E, Galton VA, St Germain D (Nov 2002). "The gene locus encoding iodothyronine deiodinase type 3 (Dio3) is imprinted in the fetus and expresses antisense transcripts". Endocrinology. 143 (11): 4483–4486. doi:10.1210/en.2002-220800. PMID 12399446.

Further reading

• Helamn, Lee J.; Sack, Nancy; Plon, Sharon E.; Israel, Mark A. (1990). "The sequence of an adrenal specific human cDNA, pG2". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (3): 685. doi:10.1093/nar/18.3.685. PMC 333507. PMID 2308864.
• Helman, L. J. (1987). "Molecular Markers of Neuroendocrine Development and Evidence of Environmental Regulation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 84 (8): 2336–9. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.2336H. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2336. PMC 304645. PMID 3470797.
• Lee YL, Helman L, Hoffman T, Laborda J (1995). "Dlk, pG2 and Pref-1 mRNAs encode similar proteins belonging to the EGF-like superfamily. Identification of polymorphic variants of this RNA". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1261 (2): 223–32. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(95)00007-4. PMID 7711066.
• Smas CM, Sul HS (1993). "Pref-1, a protein containing EGF-like repeats, inhibits adipocyte differentiation". Cell. 73 (4): 725–34. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90252-L. PMID 8500166.
• Jensen CH, Teisner B, Højrup P, Rasmussen HB, Madsen OD, Nielsen B, Skjødt K (1993). "Studies on the isolation, structural analysis and tissue localization of fetal antigen 1 and its relation to a human adrenal-specific cDNA, pG2". Human Reproduction. 8 (4): 635–41. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138110. PMID 8501199.
• Tornehave D, Jensen CH, Teisner B, Larsson LI (1996). "FA1 immunoreactivity in endocrine tumours and during development of the human fetal pancreas; negative correlation with glucagon expression". Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 106 (6): 535–42. doi:10.1007/BF02473268. PMID 8985741.
• Jensen CH, Schroder HD, Teisner B, Laursen I, Brandrup F, Rasmussen HB (1999). "Fetal antigen 1, a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily, in neurofibromas and serum from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1". British Journal of Dermatology. 140 (6): 1054–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02906.x. PMID 10354070.
• Gubina, E.; Ruiz-Hidalgo, M.J.; Baladrón, V.; Laborda, J. (1999). "Assignment of DLK1 to human chromosome band 14q32 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 84 (3–4): 206–7. doi:10.1159/000015259. PMID 10393432.
• Jensen CH, Erb K, Westergaard LG, Kliem A, Teisner B (1999). "Fetal antigen 1, an EGF multidomain protein in the sex hormone-producing cells of the gonads and the microenvironment of germ cells". Molecular Human Reproduction. 5 (10): 908–13. doi:10.1093/molehr/5.10.908. PMID 10508217.
• Aguan K, Carvajal JA, Thompson LP, Weiner CP (2000). "Application of a functional genomics approach to identify differentially expressed genes in human myometrium during pregnancy and labour". Molecular Human Reproduction. 6 (12): 1141–5. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.12.1141. PMID 11101697.
• Andersen, M. (2001). "Fetal Antigen 1 in Healthy Adults and Patients with Pituitary Disease: Relation to Physiological, Pathological, and Pharmacological GH Levels". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 86 (11): 5465–70. doi:10.1210/jc.86.11.5465.
• Jensen CH, Meyer M, Schroder HD, Kliem A, Zimmer J, Teisner B (2001). "Neurons in the monoaminergic nuclei of the rat and human central nervous system express FA1/dlk". NeuroReport. 12 (18): 3959–63. doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00021. PMID 11742219.
• Baladrón V, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Bonvini E, Gubina E, Notario V, Laborda J (2002). "The EGF-like Homeotic Protein dlk Affects Cell Growth and Interacts with Growth-Modulating Molecules in the Yeast Two-Hybrid System". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6431. PMID 11846389.
• Panin VM, Shao L, Lei L, Moloney DJ, Irvine KD, Haltiwanger RS (2002). "Notch Ligands Are Substrates for Protein O-Fucosyltransferase-1 and Fringe". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (33): 29945–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204445200. PMID 12036964.
• Doggett KL, Briggs JA, Linton MF, Fazio S, Head DR, Xie J, Hashimoto Y, Laborda J, Briggs RC (2002). "Retroviral mediated expression of the human myeloid nuclear antigen in a null cell line upregulatesDlk1 expression". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 86 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1002/jcb.10190. PMID 12112016.
• Van Limpt VA, Chan AJ, Van Sluis PG, Caron HN, Van Noesel CJ, Versteeg R (2003). "High delta-like 1 expression in a subset of neuroblastoma cell lines corresponds to a differentiated chromaffin cell type". International Journal of Cancer. 105 (1): 61–9. doi:10.1002/ijc.11047. PMID 12672031.
• Abdallah BM, Jensen CH, Gutierrez G, Leslie RG, Jensen TG, Kassem M (2004). "Regulation of Human Skeletal Stem Cells Differentiation by Dlk1/Pref-1". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 19 (5): 841–52. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040118. PMID 15068508.