Daagh Dehlvi
Nawab Mirza Khan Daagh Dehlvi (Urdu: نواب مرزا خان داغ دہلوی, 25 May 1831 – 17 March 1905) was a poet known for his Urdu ghazals. He belonged to the old Delhi school of Urdu poetry.[2][3][4]
Daagh Dehlvi | |
|---|---|
| Native name | نواب مرزا خان داغ دہلوی |
| Born | Nawab Mirza Khan 25 May 1831[1] Delhi, Mughal Empire |
| Died | 17 March 1905 (aged 73)[1] Hyderabad, Hyderabad state, British India (present-day Telangana) |
| Pen name | Daagh |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Period | 1831 to 1905 |
| Genre | Ghazal qasida mukhammas |
| Subject | Love and human relationships |
| Notable works | Gulzar-e-Daagh (1878) Masnavi Fariyad-e-Daagh (1882) Diwan-e-Daagh |
He wrote romantic and sensuous poems and ghazals in simple and chaste Urdu, minimising usage of Persian words. He laid great emphasis on the Urdu idiom and its usage. He wrote under the takhallus (Urdu word for nom de plume) Daagh Dehlvi (the meanings of Daagh, an Urdu noun, include stain, grief and taint while Dehlvi means belonging to or from Dehli or Delhi). He belonged to the Delhi school of thought.[2]
His honorific Dabeer ud Dawla, Faseeh ul Mulk, Nawab Nizam Jang Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Yar-e-Wafadar, Muqrib-us-Sultan, Bulbul-e-Hindustan, Jahan Ustad, Nazim Yar Jung, were the titles bestowed upon him by the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Mahbub Ali Khan.[2]
Daagh was considered one of the best romantic poets of his time by some commentators.[2][1]
Life
Early life
Dehlvi was born in Kucha Ustad Dagh, Chandni Chowk in Delhi to Nawab Shamsuddin Ahmed Khan, the ruler of Loharu and Ferozepur Jhirka and Wazir Khanum, daughter of a Delhi jeweller.[5] Dehlvi's father was hanged under charges of conspiracy in the murder of William Fraser.[6] Dehlvi at the age of four and his mother at age thirty four, the most sought after lady, wooed and remarried the Mughal crown prince, Mirza Muhammad Fakhroo, an heir to the last Mughal Bahadur Shah Zafar. Hence, Dehlvi had the privileged education at the Delhi Red Fort,[7] There he received best of education and was later under tutelage of poet laureate, Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq. Later, he also took advise from Ghalib on finer nuances of Urdu literature and poetry. He was also trained in calligraphy and horse riding.[3]
Literary life
Dehlvi belonged to the Dabistan-e-Dehli (Dehli school of thought) and never allowed western influences on his poetry. He started reciting poetry at the age of ten and his forte was the romantic version, the ghazal. He became popular for his poetry. Unlike the elitist style by the poets of the time, his style was simple and was well received by both, the common man and the elite.[3]
After Fakhroo's death in 1856, Dehlvi along with his mother left Delhi after facing turbulent times, for Rampur State and came under the aegis of Nawab of Rampur, Yusuf Ali Khan Bahadur. He went into government service there and lived well for 24 years.[3] There followed a period of wandering and discomfort and after the Nawab of Rampur, Nawab Kalb-e-Ali Khan's death, he was not in a good position there.
Later life in Hyderabad Deccan
Dehlvi stayed in Hyderabad in 1888 for several months. He left Hyderabad after not being invited to the court by the Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI's court, as access to his court was very limited. He then was invited immediately and was appointed as the court poet and mentor, in 1891, to the Sixth Nizam Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, at the age of 60.[3]
Contrary to the impression one gets from his poetry, he did not drink wine and shunned it.[3]
His couplet on Urdu language was:[8]
Urdu hai jiska naam hamee jante hain Daagh |
we realize the importance of Urdu, O Daagh |
Death
He died in 1905 at the age of 74 in Hyderabad Deccan after a paralytic stroke. He was buried at Dargah Yousufain in Hyderabad.[2][3]
Disciples
Dehlvi's students included Allama Iqbal, Jigar Moradabadi (1890 – 1960), Seemab Akbarabadi and Ahasan Marharavi, though a widely quoted anecdote relates that when asked to designate his successor as the leading Urdu poet of his age, he replied Bekhudain [the two Bekhuds], referring to Bekhud Badayuni and Bekhud Dehlvi.[9][4][10]
Popular ghazal songs
His selected ghazals are rendered by contemporary ghazal singers, Jagjit Singh, Noor Jahan, Ghulam Ali, Adithya Srinivasan, Malika Pukhraj, Mehdi Hassan, Abida Parveen, Pankaj Udhas and Farida Khanum.[10]
Bibliography
His work consists of four volumes, consisting of 16,000 couplets and a masnavi. The last two volumes he wrote when he was in Hyderabad.
References
- Profile of Dagh Dehlvi on goodreads.com website Retrieved 17 May 2018
- J.S. Ifthekhar (20 March 2012). "Dagh was the toast of the town in his heydays". The Hindu (newspaper). Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- Profile of Dagh Dehlvi on urdupoetry.com website Published 28 August 2001, Retrieved 17 May 2018
- Flashback: Remembering a Mughal city Dawn (newspaper), Published 15 January 2012, Retrieved 17 May 2018
- Amrita Dutta (16 June 2013). "Finding Wazir". The Indian Express (newspaper). Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- Omair Ahmad (14 September 2013). "An incandescent star, a polyphonic constellation". The Sunday Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- "Gulzar E Daagh, an Urdu literary program on the life and poetry of Daagh Dehlvi". 8 September 2003. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- A complete ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi on rekhta.org website Retrieved 17 May 2018
- Ahmad, Asad (1990), Intikhaab-e-Kalaam: Bekhud Badayuni (انتخاب کلام بے خود بدایونی), Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Urdu Press, p. 88
- Profile of Daagh Dehlvi on urduadab.com website Retrieved 17 May 2018
