Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanskrit; Pali: Dhataraṭṭha) is a major deity in Buddhism and one of the Four Heavenly Kings. His name means "Upholder of the Nation."

Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Sanskrit	धृतराष्ट्र Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Pāli	धतरट्ठ Dhataraṭṭha
Chinese	持國天王 (Pinyin: Chíguó Tiānwáng)
Japanese	持国天 (romaji: Jikokuten)
Korean	지국천 (RR: Jiguk cheon)
Sinhala	ධෘතරාෂ්ට්‍ර
Thai	ท้าวธตรฐ Thao Thatarot
Tibetan	ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང Wylie: yul 'khor srung THL: Yulkhor Sung
Vietnamese	Trì Quốc Thiên
Information
Venerated by	Theravāda (Ātānātiya Sutta) (Mahāsamāya Sutta) Mahāyāna (Golden Light Sutra) (Lalitavistara Sūtra) (Lotus Sutra) (Mahāmāyūrī Vidyārājñī Sūtra)
Attributes	Guardian of the East
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Names

The name Dhṛtarāṣṭra is a Sanskrit compound of the words dhṛta (possessing; bearing) and rāṣṭra (kingdom; territory).[1] Other names include:

• Traditional Chinese: 持國天; Simplified Chinese: 持国天; pinyin: Chíguó Tiān; Japanese: Jikokuten; Korean: 지국천 Jiguk cheon; Vietnamese: Trì Quốc Thiên, a calque of Sanskrit Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Traditional Chinese: 提頭頼吒; Simplified Chinese: 提头赖吒; pinyin: Títóulàizhā; Japanese: Daizurata; Korean: 제두뢰타; Vietnamese: Đề-đầu-lại-tra. This is a transliteration of the original Sanskrit name.
• Tibetan: ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང, Wylie: yul 'khor srung, THL Yulkhor Sung, "Defender of the Area"
• Thai: ท้าวธตรฐ Thao Thatarot is an honorific plus the modern pronunciation of Pali Dhataraṭṭha.

Characteristics

Dhṛtarāṣṭra is the guardian of the eastern direction. He lives on the eastern part of Sumeru. He is leader of the gandharvas and piśācas.

Most East Asian depictions of Dhṛtarāṣṭra show him playing a stringed instrument, but the presence of this motif varies.

Theravāda

In the Pāli Canon of Theravāda Buddhism, Dhṛtarāṣṭra is called Dhataraṭṭha. Dhataraṭṭha is one of the Cātummahārājāno, or "Four Great Kings." each of whom rules over a specific direction.

He has many sons who go by the title "Indra, as well as a daughter named Sirī.[2]

Japan

In Japan, Jikokuten (持国天) is commonly depicted with a fierce expression. He is clad in armor, often brandishing a sword or trident spear while trampling a jaki.[3]

Nāga King

Although an entirely separate figure, Buddhist literature features a Nāga King also named Dhṛtarāṣṭra. He was the father of Gautama Buddha in a past life when the latter was a bodhisattva named Bhūridatta. His story may be found in the Bhūridatta Jātaka of the Pali Canon.[4]

He is also mentioned in several Mahāyāna Sutras, including the Mahāmāyūrī Vidyārājñī Sūtra and the Mahāmegha Sūtra.

References

1. "Dhṛtarāṣṭra". Wisdom Library. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
2. "Dhatarattha". Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
3. "Jikokuten 持国天". JAANUS. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
4. "Bhuridatta Jātaka". Sutta Central. Retrieved 2019-02-22.

External links

• Media related to Dhrtarashtra at Wikimedia Commons