Dmitry Verderevsky
Dmitry Nikolayevich Verderevsky (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Вердеревский) (4 November 1873 – 22 August 1947) was a Russian military leader and rear admiral. He served as Minister of the Navy in the Russian Provisional Government in 1917.
Dmitry Nikolayevich Verderevsky | |
|---|---|
 Minister D.N. Verderevsky in 1917 | |
| Born | 4 November 1873 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | 22 August 1947 (aged 73) Paris, France |
| Allegiance | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Russian Empire |
| Service/ |  Imperial Russian Navy |
| Years of service | 1880–1915 |
| Rank | Rear Admiral |
| Commands held | Admiral Makarov Bogatyr |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | .png.webp){kind=small} Order of St Vladimir4th class Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd class Order of St. Anne 2nd class |
| Other work | Navy Minister in the Russian Provisional Government |
Early Life and family
Verderevsky was from an ancient noble family. His father Nikolai Verderevsky was a barrister. His mother was Sophia Alexandrova Repins. He had two brothers: Vasily, an army officer and Roman, a navy officer who fought in the siege of Port Arthur. Verderevsky married Elena Mikhailovna Plen (died 1944) and they had one son, Pavel Dmitrievich (1896-1985), an engineer, who lived in exile in France and is buried next to his father.
Naval career
Verderevsky graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps in 1893 and from the naval artillery class in 1898. He moved to the naval reserve in 1900 and was involved in shipbuilding on the Aral Sea in Turkestan. He rejoined the active navy in 1904 on the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and commanded a destroyer in the Black Sea Fleet. In 1905 he was gunnery officer on the battleship Petr Velikiy and had a role as a fleet gunnery instructor. He was wounded during the mutiny on the cruiser Pamiat Azova in 1906.
From 1906 to 1909 he worked on the journal Morskoy Sbornik (Naval Review). In 1908 he was senior officer on the Petr Velikiy and squadron gunnery officer in the Baltic Fleet, he also taught gunnery at the Nikolayev Naval Academy.
In 1910-11 he commanded the destroyer General Kondratenko. He took command of the destroyer Novik in 1911, and the cruiser Admiral Makarov in 1914. At the start of World War I he was given a posting ashore coordinating the work on range-finding equipment in St Petersburg-based factories. In 1915 he was given command of the cruiser Bogatyr. In 1916 he was made commander of the submarine division of the Baltic Fleet based at Reval and promoted to rear admiral.
Activity in 1917
After the February Revolution he was made chief of staff of the Baltic Fleet and subsequently fleet commander and assistant to Boris Dudorov, the first Navy minister of the Provisional Government, but failed to put down a mutiny. In July he was arrested, tried and acquitted of "disclosure of official secrets and disobeying the central authorities". As an admiral with a democratic reputation he was appointed Navy Minister in the Kerensky Government in August.
Many military leaders had a negative attitude to the activities of Verderevsky and the War Minister of the Provisional Government of General A. I. Verkhovskii. Their point of view was expressed by General Anton Denikin, who said that the Minister of Marine had utopian initiatives:
"Verderevsky preached that "discipline must be voluntary. We must come to terms with the mass (!) And on the basis of a common love of country to encourage it voluntarily to assume all the burdens of military discipline. It is essential that the discipline is no longer wearing a disagreeable nature of coercion. "
He was an advocate of Russia's withdrawal from the war. On 24 October, in solidarity with the Minister of War A. I. Verkhovsky, also an early supporter of an early peace, Verderevsky drafted his resignation, but had not submitted it by the time the October Revolution broke out. On 26 October 1917 he was arrested by the Bolsheviks in the Winter Palace, together with other members of the Provisional Government. The next day, was released on parole. He provided technical guidance on operational fleet actions to defend the country.
In exile
Verderevsky was not involved in the White movement. Initially moving to London in 1918, he settled in Paris in 1920 and was an active Freemason. After World War II he became reconciled with the Soviets and was granted Soviet citizenship in 1946. He was criticised for this by fellow exile Roman Gul. Verderevsky is buried in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery.
References
This article is translated from Russian Language Wikipedia