Dorothe Engelbretsdatter

Dorothe Engelbretsdatter (16 January 1634 – 19 February 1716) was a Norwegian author. She principally wrote hymns and poems which were strongly religious. She has been characterized as Norway's first recognized female author as well as Norway's first feminist before feminism became a recognized concept.[1][2]

Dorothe Engelbretsdatter
Born(1634-01-16)16 January 1634
Bergen, Norway
Died19 February 1716(1716-02-19) (aged 82)
Pen name"Bergens Debora"
OccupationPoet and Hymn Writer
NationalityNorwegian
Notable worksSiælens Sang-offer (1678)
Taare-Offer (1685)
Et kristeligt Valet fra Verden (1698)
SpouseAmbrosius Hardenbeck

Background

Dorothe Engelbretsdatter was born in Bergen, Norway. She was the daughter of Rector and Vicar, Engelbret Jørgenssøn (1592–1659) and Anna Wrangel. Her father was originally head of Bergen Cathedral School, and later dean of Bergen Cathedral. In her youth, Dorothe spent some time in Copenhagen. In 1652, she married Ambrosius Hardenbeck (1621–1683), a theological writer famous for his flowery funeral sermons, who succeeded her father at the Cathedral in 1659. They had five sons and four daughters.[3]

Career
Title engraving of Taare-Offer (1685) showing Engelbretsdatter at work
Relief by Ambrosia Tønnesen at Bergen Cathedral

In 1678 her first volume appeared, Siælens Sang-Offer published at Copenhagen. This volume of hymns and devotional pieces, very modestly brought out, had an unparalleled success. The first verses of Dorothe Engelbretsdatter are commonly believed to have been her best.[4][5]

The fortunate poet was invited to Denmark, and on her arrival at Copenhagen was presented at court. She was also introduced to Thomas Hansen Kingo, the father of Danish poetry. The two greeted one another with improvised couplets, which have been preserved and of which Engelbretsdatter's reply "is incomparably the neater".[6] King Christian V of Denmark granted her full tax freedom for life. Her Taare-Offer (1685) was dedicated to Queen Charlotte Amalia, the wife of King Christian V.[7]

Her first work, Siælens Sang-Offer was published 1678. In the midst of her troubles appeared her second work, the Taare-Offer, published for the first time in 1685. It is a continuous religious poem in four books. This was combined with Siælens Sang-Offer. [6] In 1698 she brought out a third volume of sacred verse, Et kristeligt Valet fra Verden.[8]

In 1683, her husband died. She had nine children, but seven of them died young and her two adult sons lived far away from Bergen. She lost her house in the great fire in 1702 in which 90 percent of the city of Bergen was destroyed. Her re-placement house was not available until 1712. Her sorrow is evident in examples such as the poem Afften Psalme. She died on 19 February 1716.[6]

See also

References
  1. Akslen, Laila. "Dorothe Engelbretsdatter". In Helle,Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  2. "Dorothe Engelbretsdatter". The History Of Nordic Women’s Literature. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  3. Dorothe Engelbretsdatter – "Bergens Debora" (Bergensbrannen 1702) Archived 11 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Dorothe Engelbretsdatter (Store norske leksikon) Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Inger Vederhus, Oslo University College (November 2010). "Dorothe Engelbretsdatter, Norwegian author, 1634–1716". Womenwriters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  6. Chisholm 1911.
  7. Dorothe Engelbretsdotter: "Aftensang" (1678) (Barokken 1600-tallet) Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Dorothe Engelsbretsdotter (norskarkivet) Archived 19 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine

Note

Other sources
  • Engelbretsdotter, Dorothe; ed. by K. Valkner (1999) Samlede skrifter (Oslo: Aschehoug) ISBN 978-82-03-18116-0
  • Akslen, Laila (1998) Norsk barokk: Dorothe Engelbrettsdatter og Petter Dass i retorisk tradisjon (Oslo: Cappelen) ISBN 978-82-456-0445-0
  • Akslen, Laila (1970) Feminin barokk: Dorothe Engelbretsdotters liv og diktning (Oslo: Cappelen) ISBN 978-8245604450
  • Grindal, Gracia (2011) Preaching from Home: The Stories of Seven Lutheran Women Hymn Writers (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing) ISBN 9780802865014
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