Edna Schechtman

Edna Schechtman (Hebrew: עדנה שכטמן‎) is an Israeli statistician, a professor emeritus of statistics at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. She is best known for development (with Shlomo Yitzhaki) of statistical tools that utilize the Gini Mean Difference (GMD)[1][2][3] (also known as the absolute mean difference and mean absolute difference) as the measure of association.

Edna Schechtman
Born (1948-07-09) July 9, 1948
Jerusalem, Israel
NationalityIsraeli
Known forDevelopment of statistical tools that utilize the Gini Mean Difference (GMD) as the measure of association
Spouse(s)Gideon Schechtman
Scientific career
FieldsApplied statistics, mainly in biology and medicine. Theoretical statistics: calibration, measures of association, Gini coefficient for inequality, stratification of populations.
InstitutionsBen-Gurion University of the Negev
Doctoral advisorDouglas Wolfe

Career

Schechtman completed her PhD in Statistics at Ohio State University in 1980, under the supervision of Douglas Wolfe, on the topic: “A Nonparametric Test for the Changepoint Problem”.[4] In 1996 she joined the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. She served as the President of the Israel Statistical Association (2009-2011) and was the Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (2012-2015). She also established the Center for Statistical Consulting [5] at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. She was a visiting associate professor at several academic institutions, among them University of Texas, Texas A&M University, New York University and the University of California, Berkeley. She retired from Ben-Gurion University as a Professor Emeritus in 2017.

Research

Schechtman’s scientific work combines theoretical research in statistical methodology with applied research. In applied statistics, her research focuses mainly on biostatistics,[6][7][8][9][10][11] including studies on Parkinson disease,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and road safety.[19][20][21][22][23][24] Schechtman’s methodological work focuses on measures of association,[25][26] Gini coefficient for inequality,[27][28][29][30] and stratification of populations.[31][32] One of her major contributions is the development of a framework which relies on the Gini Mean Difference (GMD) as the measure of variability, instead of the variance.[33][34][35][36] Schechtman has conducted research projects for over 35 years and has published over 120 articles and scientific reports, including the book The Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology, coauthored with Shlomo Yitzhaki, published in 2013.[37]

Book: The Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology

First introduced by Corrado Gini in 1912 as an alternative measure of variability, the GMD and its variants (such as the Gini coefficient or the concentration ratio) have been in widespread use in the studies of the income distribution. In their book, Prof. Edna Schechtman and Prof. Shlomo Yitzhaki present GMD statistical tools that replace variance with the GMD and its variants. These new GMD based tools are most justified whenever the researcher cannot conveniently assume a normal distribution of variables under study and used common statistical tools as analysis of correlation, analysis of variance. This makes the GMD and the tools developed by Prof. Edna Schechtman and Prof. Shlomo Yitzhaki of critical importance in the complex research of statisticians, economists, econometricians, and policymakers.

Highly cited articles
1. Schechtman, E. (2002). Odds ratio, relative risk, absolute risk reduction, and the number needed to treat—which of these should we use?. Value in health, 5(5), 431-436.
2. Davison, A., Hinkley, D. V., & Schechtman, E. (1986). Efficient bootstrap simulation. Biometrika, 73(3), 555-566.
3. Local injury to the endometrium doubles the incidence of successful pregnancies in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization
4. Paz-Elizur, T., Krupsky, M., Blumenstein, S., Elinger, D., Schechtman, E., & Livneh, Z. (2003). DNA repair activity for oxidative damage and risk of lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95(17), 1312-1319.
5. Shinar, D., Schechtman, E., & Compton, R. (2001). Self-reports of safe driving behaviors in relationship to sex, age, education and income in the US adult driving population. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 33(1), 111-116.

Personal life

Schechtman was born in Israel to her parents, Malka and Reuven Ziegler who immigrated from Poland to Israel in 1946 with her brother, Zvi Ziegler. The family settled in Jerusalem and then moved to Haifa in 1948. She is married to Gideon Schechtman, a Mathematician at the Weizmann Institute of Science, and is a mother to four children and a grandmother to ten.

References
  1. Yitzhaki, Shlomo; Schechtman, Edna (2013). The Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-4720-7.
  2. Yitzhaki, Shlomo (1998). "More than a Dozen Alternative Ways of Spelling Gini" (PDF). Economic Inequality. 8: 13–30.
  3. Yitzhaki, Shlomo (2003). "Gini's Mean Difference: A Superior Measure of Variability for Non-Normal Distributions" (PDF). Metron International Journal of Statistics. 61 (2): 285–316.
  4. Wolfe, D. A., & Schechtman, E. (1984). Nonparametric statistical procedures for the changepoint problem. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 9(3), 389-396.
  5. "The Research and Development Authority - the Statistics Consulting Unit at Ben-Gurion University".
  6. Schechtman, E., & Sherman, M. (2007). The two-sample t-test with a known ratio of variances. Statistical Methodology, 4(4), 508-514.
  7. Schechtman, E. (1982). A nonparametric test for detecting changes in location. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 11(13), 1475-1482.
  8. Hinkley, D., & Schechtman, E. (1987). Conditional bootstrap methods in the mean-shift model. Biometrika, 74(1), 85-93.
  9. Davison, A., Hinkley, D. V., & Schechtman, E. (1986). Efficient bootstrap simulation. Biometrika, 73(3), 555-566.
  10. Schechtman, E. (2002). Odds ratio, relative risk, absolute risk reduction, and the number needed to treat—which of these should we use?. Value in health, 5(5), 431-436.
  11. Wolfe, D. A., & Schechtman, E. (1984). Nonparametric statistical procedures for the changepoint problem. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 9(3), 389-396.
  12. Inzelberg, R., Carasso, R. L., Schechtman, E., & Nisipeanu, P. (2000). A comparison of dopamine agonists and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. Clinical neuropharmacology, 23(5), 262-266.
  13. Inzelberg, R., Schechtman, E., & Paleacu, D. (2002). Onset age of Parkinson disease. American journal of medical genetics, 111(4), 459-460.
  14. Inzelberg, R., Plotnik, M., Flash, T., Schechtman, E., Shahar, I., & Korczyn, A. D. (2001). Mental and motor switching in Parkinson's disease. Journal of motor behavior, 33(4), 377-385.
  15. Inzelberg, R., Cohen, O. S., Aharon-Peretz, J., Schlesinger, I., Gershoni-Baruch, R., Djaldetti, R., ... & Inzelberg, L. (2012). The LRRK2 G2019S mutation is associated with Parkinson disease and concomitant non-skin cancers. Neurology, WNL-0b013e318249f673.
  16. Inzelberg, R., Schechtman, E., & Nisipeanu, P. (2003). Cabergoline, pramipexole and ropinirole used as monotherapy in early Parkinson’s disease. Drugs & Aging, 20(11), 847-855.
  17. Inzelberg, R., P. Nisipeanu, J. M. Rabey, E. Orlov, T. Catz, S. Kippervasser, E. Schechtman, and A. D. Korczyn. "Double-blind comparison of cabergoline and bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations." Neurology 47, no. 3 (1996): 785-788.
  18. Inzelberg, R., Bonuccelli, U., Schechtman, E., Miniowich, A., Strugatsky, R., Ceravolo, R., ... & Rabey, J. M. (2006). Association between amantadine and the onset of dementia in Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 21(9), 1375-1379.
  19. Musicant, O., Bar-Gera, H., & Schechtman, E. (2010). Electronic records of undesirable driving events. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 13(2), 71-79.
  20. Shinar, D., & Schechtman, E. (2005). Drug identification performance on the basis of observable signs and symptoms. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37(5), 843-851.
  21. Schechtman, E., Shinar, D., & Compton, R. C. (1999). The relationship between drinking habits and safe driving behaviors. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 2(1), 15-26.
  22. Shinar, D., Schechtman, E., & Compton, R. (1999). Trends in safe driving behaviors and in relation to trends in health maintenance behaviors in the USA: 1985–1995. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 31(5), 497-503.
  23. Shinar, D., & Schechtman, E. (2002). Headway feedback improves intervehicular distance: A field study. Human Factors, 44(3), 474-481.
  24. Shinar, D., Schechtman, E., & Compton, R. (2001). Self-reports of safe driving behaviors in relationship to sex, age, education and income in the US adult driving population. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 33(1), 111-116.
  25. Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (1987). "A measure of association based on Gini's mean difference". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. 16: 207–231. doi:10.1080/03610928708829359.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. Schechtman E., & Shelef A. (2018). "Correlation and the time interval over which the variables are measured – A non-parametric approach". PLOS One. 13(11): e0206929. (11): e0206929. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1306929S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206929. PMC 6224093. PMID 30408091.
  27. Eubank, R., Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (1993). A test for second order stochastic dominance. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 22(7), 1893-1905.
  28. Schechtman, E., Yitzhaki, S., & Artsev, Y. (2008). Who does not respond in the household expenditure survey: An exercise in extended Gini regressions. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 26(3), 329-344.
  29. Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2004). The Gini Instrumental Variable, or the “double instrumental variable” estimator. Metron, 287-313.
  30. Frick, J. R., Goebel, J., Schechtman, E., Wagner, G. G., & Yitzhaki, S. (2006). Using analysis of Gini (ANOGI) for detecting whether two subsamples represent the same universe: The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) experience. Sociological Methods & Research, 34(4), 427-468.
  31. Schechtman, E., & Wang, S. (2004). Jackknifing two-sample statistics. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 119(2), 329-340.
  32. Schechtman, E. (1982). A nonparametric test for detecting changes in location. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 11(13), 1475-1482.
  33. Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2012). Identifying monotonic and non-monotonic relationships. Economics Letters, 116(1), 23-25.
  34. Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2003). A family of correlation coefficients based on the extended Gini index. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(2), 129-146.
  35. Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2005). The properties of the extended Gini measures of variability and inequality.
  36. Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (1999). On the proper bounds of the Gini correlation. Economics letters, 63(2), 133-138.
  37. Yitzhaki, Shlomo; Schechtman, Edna (2013). The Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-4720-7.

Further reading
  • Ka, Ndéné; Mussard, Stéphane (June 2015). "Book Review of The Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology". Journal of Economic Inequality. 13 (2): 321–324. doi:10.1007/s10888-014-9277-8.
  • "Book Reviews". Technometrics. 57 (4): 586–593. November 2015. doi:10.1080/00401706.2015.1106893.
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