Edward Coote Pinkney

Edward Coote Pinkney (October 1, 1802 – April 11, 1828) was an American poet, lawyer, sailor, professor, and editor. Born in London in 1802, Pinkney made his way to Maryland. After attending college, he joined the United States Navy and traveled throughout the Mediterranean and elsewhere. He then attempted a law career but was unsuccessful and attempted to join the Mexican army, though he never did. He died at the age of 25 in 1828.

Edward Coote Pinkney
Frontispiece from The Life and Works of Edward Coote Pinkney
Born(1802-10-01)October 1, 1802
London, England
DiedApril 11, 1828(1828-04-11) (aged 25)
Baltimore, Maryland
OccupationSailor
Lawyer
Poet

Pinkney published several lyric poems inspired primarily by the work of British poets. Critic and poet Edgar Allan Poe supported Pinkney's work after his death, quoting from his poetry in a lecture series. Poe also suggested Pinkney would have been more successful if he was a New Englander rather than a Southern writer.

Biography

Pinkney was born on October 1, 1808,[1] in London, where his father William Pinkney was U.S. ambassador and his mother was the sister of Commodore John Rodgers.[2] Pinkney lived in London until he was eight and later attended St. Mary's College of Maryland.[2]

In the fall of 1815, 14-year-old Pinkney joined the United States Navy as a midshipman until 1824, during which time he traveled to Italy, northern Africa, the West Indies, and both coasts of South America.[2] His defiance of what he called arbitrary authority got him in trouble occasionally.[3] In 1824, two years after the death of his father, he left the Navy, married, and was admitted to the bar in Maryland. Though he was well respected in his abilities as a lawyer, he had few clients and the business failed.[4] His wife, Georgiana McCausland, would become a supportive and inspirational figure to him.[5]

In 1823, Pinkney challenged fellow Baltimore lawyer and poet, John Neal to a duel in response to Neal's criticism of Pinkney's father in his 1823 novel, Randolph. Neal had written the novel just before the death of Pinkney's father, but it was released just after.[6] The public battle between Pinkney and Neal involved Neal declining the duel challenge, Pinkney declaring Neal a coward, and Neal mocking this declaration in his next novel, published the same year.[7]

After serving without a salary as the Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres at the University of Maryland, Pinkney traveled to Mexico with the intention of joining the navy there. Disheartened after not being able to join, he returned to Baltimore. There, he became editor of a new semiweekly newspaper the Marylander—a publication founded to support the re-election of John Quincy Adams.[8] Its first issue was published December 3, 1827.[9] His editorial association nearly brought him into a duel with the editor of Philadelphia-based Mercury, a publication which supported Andrew Jackson.[10] Afflicted with depression, Pinkney died on April 11, 1828, at the age of 25.[8] He was originally buried in Baltimore's Unitarian Cemetery but, in May 1872, his body was moved to Green Mount Cemetery.[9]

Writing

Pinkney is often compared with the Cavalier poets.[10] He wrote a number of light, graceful, short poems, his longest being "Rudolph", which was published anonymously in 1825.[4] His first full collection of poetry was published the same year.[10] He was influenced by the work of Lord Byron, William Wordsworth, Walter Scott and other European writers. He was not influenced by American poets.[11] He was also inspired by classical works and made several references to Ovid, Herodotus, Horace, and Petrarch.[5] He was included in Rufus Wilmot Griswold's influential anthology The Poets and Poetry of America in 1842.[4]

Critical assessment

Poet John Greenleaf Whittier was an admirer of Pinkney's work[12] as was Edgar Allan Poe, who used one of his poems, "A Health", to publicly woo Sarah Helen Whitman at a lecture in December 1848.[13] Poe mentions "A Health" in his essay "The Poetic Principle" to exemplify his own aesthetic theory and the association between whiteness, purity, and love.[14] He wrote that Pinkney would have been better appreciated if he had been born in New England:

It was the misfortune of Mr. Pinckney to have been born too far south. Had he been born a New Englander, it is probable that he would have been ranked as the first of American lyrists, by that magnanimous cabal which has so long controlled the destinies of American Letters".[15]

"A Health" was also praised in The Athenaum as "one of the prettiest things in American poetry" while another contemporary magazine put Pinkney among the top five poets of the United States at the time.[16] The North American Review in January 1842, though questioning of the moral tone of "Rudolph" concluded, "The author evidently has much of the genuine spirit of poetry; his thoughts are occasionally bold and striking; some passages are wrought with much felicity of expression and clothed with a rich and glowing imagery... and [despite] a few minor imperfections, a highly poetical vein runs through the whole performance".[5]

References
  1. Melton, Wrightman F. "Edward Coote Pinkney", Library of Southern Literature, vol. 14. Martin & Hoyt Company, 1909: 4063.
  2. Hubbell, Jay B. The South in American Literature: 1607-1900. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1954: 301.
  3. Simonini, Rinald C. Southern Writers: Appraisals in Our Time. Ayer Company Publishers, 1964: 12. ISBN 0-8369-0054-5
  4. Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. The Poets and Poetry of America, 3rd edition. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1843: 231.
  5. Melton, Wrightman F. "Edward Coote Pinkney", Library of Southern Literature, vol. 14. Martin & Hoyt Company, 1909: 4066.
  6. Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 55. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.
  7. Lease, Benjamin (1972). That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 0-226-46969-7.
  8. Hubbell, Jay B. The South in American Literature: 1607-1900. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1954: 302.
  9. Melton, Wrightman F. "Edward Coote Pinkney", Library of Southern Literature, vol. 14. Martin & Hoyt Company, 1909: 4064.
  10. Bain, R. and Joseph M. Flora, Jr. and Louis D. Rubin. Southern Writers: A Biographical Dictionary. Louisiana State University Press, 1980: 357. ISBN 0-8071-0390-X
  11. Hubbell, Jay B. The South in American Literature: 1607-1900. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1954: 303.
  12. Wagenknecht, Edward. John Greenleaf Whittier: A Portrait in Paradox. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967: 111.
  13. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 384. ISBN 0-06-092331-8
  14. Erkkila, Betsy. "The Poetics of Whiteness: Poe and the Racial Imagery", Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race (J. Gerald Kennedy, editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 66. ISBN 0-19-513711-6
  15. Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 165. ISBN 0-86576-008-X
  16. Melton, Wrightman F. "Edward Coote Pinkney", Library of Southern Literature, vol. 14. Martin & Hoyt Company, 1909: 4065.

Further reading
  • The Life and Works of Edward Coote Pinkney: A Memoir and Complete Text of His Poems and Literary Prose (1926). Edited by Thomas Ollive Mabbott and Frank Lester Pleadwell.
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