Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson

Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson (1820–1879) was an early white settler in Robertson's Colony in Texas. His father was the colony's founder Sterling C. Robertson. Brought to Texas to learn the Spanish language, he translated for both Robertson's Colony and later the Texas General Land Office. He practiced law in Milam County. Robertson was a postmaster for the Republic of Texas, and the leader of a volunteer group who aided Alexander Somervell in border disputes. By 1844, he had been promoted to the rank of colonel in the Republic of Texas militia. Robertson was one of the delegates who signed the Texas Order of Secession in 1861, and served as aide-de-camp to General Henry McCulloch. The Col. Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson Plantation in Salado is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bell County, Texas.

Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson
Born(1820-08-23)August 23, 1820
Giles County, Tennessee, US
DiedOctober 8, 1879(1879-10-08) (aged 59)
Salado, Texas, US
Spouse(s)Eliza Hamer Robertson (1846–1852) her death
Mary Elizabeth Dickey (1852)
Parent(s)Sterling C. Robertson
Frances King

Early life and family background

Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson was born in Giles County, Tennessee, on August 23, 1820. Robertson was from a family of accomplished individuals. He was the son of Frances King and empresario Sterling Clack Robertson, the founder of Robertson's Colony in Texas. Empresario Robertson never married, but he acknowledged his son with King.[1] Young Elijah's grandfather was Captain Elijah Robertson,[2] who left Brunswick County, Virginia in the 18th Century to join family members and other early white settlers in Tennessee. His great-uncle, Captain Elijah's brother James Robertson, was known as the Father of Tennessee.[3][4] Robertson's great-granddaughter was author Liz Carpenter, who was a press spokesperson for both President Lyndon B. Johnson and later for Ladybird Johnson.[5]

Texas

In 1832, Robertson was brought from Tennessee by his father and placed in the Mission School of St. Mary to study the Spanish language. He boarded in San Antonio with John William Smith, who would later become the final messenger sent out by William Barrett Travis at the Battle of the Alamo.[6] Robertson was born as Sterling Clack Robertson, exactly the same name as his father. The priests at the Mission School added "Elijah".[7] Alerted by Smith in 1833 that the younger Robertson had quit attending school, empresario Robertson put him to work translating Robertson's Colony deeds into Spanish. In return for his services, he received 1,107 acres (4.48 km2; 1.730 sq mi) in Milam County.[8][9] In 1835, empresario Robertson formed his own rangers company to deal with Indian depredations. Young Robertson joined the ranger company. (They did not become known as the "Texas Rangers" until future years, but this group was one of the forerunners.[10]

College in Tennessee

In April 1837, empresario Robertson sent young Robertson to school at Jackson College in Maury County, Tennessee. He remained enrolled there until May 1839.[10]

Return to Texas

When Robertson returned to Texas, he served as chief clerk, later acting postmaster, in the Republic of Texas postal service. Robertson was a member of the Democratic Party.[11] In 1840, he lost an election against Joseph P. Lynch for sheriff of Washington County. In 1841, he had a brief stint as assistant secretary of the Senate.[12]

In 1842, Robertson organized a company of volunteers from Gonzales County, linking up with Edward Burleson at Mission Concepcion in San Antonio, to oust Mexican general Ráfael Vásquez from the city.[13] While there, Robertson learned of the March 4 death of his father Sterling C. Robertson.[14] That same year, he was commissioned a captain in the Republic of Texas militia, becoming part of the Somervell Expedition. He was promoted to the rank of colonel by 1844.[15]

Robertson began working in a Cincinnati, Texas country store in 1845, earning $85.50 after ten months of work. In his spare time, he taught himself law by reading Blackstone's Commentaries. He was admitted to the Bar to practice law in Milam County.[15] In 1848 Robertson was translator of Spanish deeds in the Texas General Land Office.[16] Bell County elected him Chief Justice in 1858.[17]

Salado

Robertson plantation
Col. Elijah Robertson's Plantation

In 1853, Robertson moved to Salado with his second wife Mary Elizabeth Dickey. He began construction of the family plantation in 1854. The plantation included the main house, slave quarters, and a family cemetery.[18] Mrs. Robertson's mother Sophia Dickey Lynch moved in with the couple, to escape her abusive husband Julius C. Lynch. (This was not the Joseph Penn Lynch to whom Robertson had lost an election in 1840.) Lynch followed her to the Robertson home to demand her return. Robertson defended his mother-in-law and killed Lynch. The jury that was impaneled for the subsequent trial returned a verdict of justifiable homicide.[19]

Salado college

Salado College was begun on land donated by Robertson in 1859, for the purpose of establishing the school.[20]

Secession Convention and Civil War

Robertson was a delegate to the Secession Convention in 1861, and signed the Texas Ordinance of Secession.[21] In 1862, Robertson was appointed aide-de-camp to General Henry Eustace McCulloch[19] This was the only position he held during the Civil War, but he donated a large portion of his financial resources to the cause of the Confederacy.[17] On November 18, 1865, Robertson received a full pardon from President Andrew Johnson.[22]

Constitutional convention of 1875

Robertson was elected to the 1875 convention to draft the Texas Constitution[23]

Personal life

Robertson married his second cousin Eliza Hamer Robertson on July 29, 1846. She was the daughter of James Randolph Robertson, first cousin to empresario Sterling Clack Robertson.[24] She died on March 25, 1852. On November 8, 1852, he married Mary Elizabeth Dickey. The couple had twelve children.[16] One of their daughters was Eliza S. R. Johnson (1868–1926), known as "Birdie", wife of Texas State Senator Cone Johnson. A suffragist active in women's rights issues, she served on the first board of regents for Texas Woman's University.[25]

Robertson died at Salado on October 8, 1879. Mary Elizabeth died December 11, 1882. Both are buried in the family cemetery on the plantation.[23][26]

Late in life, Robertson joined the Methodist Church.[22]

Legacy

Notes
  1. Sutherland (2006) pp. 44, 46
  2. Fulton, Richard Carlton (2009). 1770–1790 Census of the Cumberland Settlements: Davidson, Sumner, and Tennessee Counties. Clearfield. pp. 104, 105. ISBN 978-0-8063-1174-6.
  3. Sutherland (2006) p. 40
  4. Capace, Nancy (2001). ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TENNESSEE – Second Edition. Somerset Publishers, Inc. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-403-09349-6.
  5. Carpenter, Liz (August 1988). "Salado Days". Texas Monthly: 122.
  6. Scanlan, Cecil Collins. "John William Smith". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  7. Sutherland (2006) pp.128, 129
  8. "Milam Co Abstract No. 50, ESC Robertson land grant". Texas General Land Office. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  9. Sutherland (2006) p. 129
  10. Sutherland (2006) p. 130
  11. "Robertson, Elijah S.C." Political Graveyard. Lawrence Kestenbaum. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  12. Sutherland (2006) p. 132
  13. "Rafael Vasquez". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  14. Moore, Stephen L (2010). Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, Volume IV, 1842–1845. University of North Texas Press. pp. 18, 19. ISBN 978-1-57441-294-9.
  15. Sutherland (2006) p. 133
  16. Sutherland (2006) p. 136
  17. Allardice, Bruce S (2006). More Generals in Gray. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 199, 200. ISBN 978-0-8071-3148-0.
  18. Odintz, Mark. "Robertson Plantation". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  19. Sutherland (2006) p. 142
  20. Pool, William C. "Salado College". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  21. Sutherland (2006) p. 141
  22. Sutherland (2006) p. 147
  23. McLean, Malcolm D. "Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  24. Sutherland (2006) pp. 133, 134
  25. Cooksey, Alice. "Eliza Sophia (Birdie) Johnson". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  26. Salado
  27. Little, Carol Morris (1996). A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-292-76036-3.

References
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