Eliza Lynn Linton

Eliza Lynn Linton (10 February 1822 – 14 July 1898) was the first female salaried journalist in Britain, and the author of over 20 novels. Despite her path breaking role as an independent woman, many of her essays took a strong anti-feminist slant.[1]

Eliza Lynn Linton
Portrait of Eliza Lynn Linton, by W. & D. Downey, 1890
BornEliza Lynn
(1822-02-10)10 February 1822
Keswick, Cumbria, England
Died14 July 1898(1898-07-14) (aged 76)
Westminster, London
OccupationNovelist,
PeriodVictorian
SpouseWilliam James Linton
RelativesJames Lynn (father), Charlotte Alicia Lynn (mother)

Life

Eliza Lynn Linton was born in Keswick, Cumbria, England, the daughter of the Rev. J. Lynn, vicar of Crosthwaite, and granddaughter of a bishop of Carlisle. The death of her mother when Eliza was five months old led to a chaotic upbringing, in which she was largely self-educated; but in 1845 she left home to earn her living as a writer in London.[2]

After moving to Paris, she married W. J. Linton in 1858,[3] an eminent wood-engraver, who was also a poet of some note, a writer upon his craft, and a Chartist agitator. She moved into his ramshackle house, Brantwood, in the Lakes, with his seven children from his earlier marriage, and wrote her Cumbrian novel Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg there.[4] The couple also lived at Gang Moor on the edge of Hampstead Heath for several years.[5] In 1867 the couple separated in a friendly way, the husband going to America, Eliza going back to her life as a London writer.

She returned briefly to Cumbria and to her childhood home in 1889, to feel "half in a dream here. It is Keswick and yet not Keswick, as I am Eliza Lynn and yet not Eliza Lynn".[6]

She usually lived in London, but about three years before her death retired to Brougham House, Malvern. She died at Queen Anne's Mansions, London, on 14 July 1898,[7] and her ashes were scattered in the Crosthwaite churchyard.[8]

Career

Linton arrived in London in 1845 as the protégée of poet Walter Savage Landor. At one time she was championed by Theodosia Monson who was a champion of women's rights.[9] In 1846 she produced her first novel, Azeth, the Egyptian, which was succeeded by Amymone (1848), and Realities (1851). None of these had any great success, and she became a journalist, joining the staff of the Morning Chronicle and Household Words. Linton is said to be the first woman to be paid a salary for working as a journalist.[10]

After separating from her husband, Linton returned to writing novels, in which she finally attained wide popularity. Her most successful works were The True History of Joshua Davidson (1872), Patricia Kemball (1874), and The Autobiography of Christopher Kirkland (1885),[11] the latter being in fact a thinly disguised autobiography.[12]

She was a constant contributor to the St James's Gazette, the Daily News and other leading newspapers,[13] and her 1864 guide to The Lake Country still bears reading for its tart comments on the tourist rituals of the Victorians.[14]

Views

Mrs Linton was a severe critic of early feminism. Her most famous essay on this subject, "The Girl of the Period,"[15] was published in Saturday Review in 1868 and was a vehement attack on feminism. In 1891, she wrote "Wild Women as Politicians" which explained her opinion that politics was naturally the sphere of men, as was fame of any sort. "Amongst our most renowned women," she wrote, "are some who say with their whole heart, 'I would rather have been the wife of a great man, or the mother of a hero, than what I am, famous in my own person." Mrs Linton is a leading example of the fact that the fight against votes for women was not only organised by men, see Anti-suffragism.

Her obituary in The Times noted her "animosity towards all, or rather, some of those facets which may be conveniently called the 'New Woman'," but added that "it would perhaps be difficult to reduce Mrs. Lynn Linton's views on what was and what was not desirable for her own sex to a logical and connected form." Revisionist critics have pointed in fact to an unconscious sympathy for the dashing "modern women" in her fiction,[16] as well as to her support for the right of married women to have their own property and thereby independence.[17] (See Married Women's Property Act 1870 and Married Women's Property Act 1882.)

Her contribution to a symposium on English fiction in 1890 saw her take a less aggressive stance towards Grundyism than her fellow-contributor Thomas Hardy.[18]

Works

Selected articles

See also

Notes
  1. I. Ousby ed., The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English (1995) p. 560.
  2. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) p. 180
  3. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  4. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) pp. 371–372.
  5. "A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington. British History Online". Victoria County History. 1989. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  6. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) p. 180
  7.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Garnett, Richard (1901). "Linton, Eliza Lynn". Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  8. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) p. 179
  9. "Monson, Theodosia, Lady Monson (1803–1891), dilettante and promoter of women's rights". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/59337. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  10. "Linton, Elizabeth [Eliza] Lynn (1822–1898), writer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16742. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  11. I. Ousby ed., The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English (1995) p. 560.
  12. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) p. 180.
  13. "Linton, Eliza Lynn," The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition, 1911.
  14. G. Lindop, A Literary Guide to the Lake District (1993) p. 202 and p. 408.
  15. Modern Women and What Is Said of Them: A Reprint of a Series of Articles in The Saturday Review, p. 25, J. S. Redfield, 1868 [Reprinted again in The Living Age, 22 April 1922].
  16. Constance Harsh, "Eliza Lynn Linton as a New Woman Novelist" in Deborah Meem (ed.), "The Rebel of the Family" (Broadview, 2002) p. 473.
  17. M. L. Sharley, Feminism, Marriage and the Law in Victorian England (1993) p. 61–62.
  18. M. Seymour Smith, Hardy (1994) pp. 389–90
  19. The Fate of Madame Cabanel, The New York Times, 19 January 1873

References
  • d'Albertis, Deirdre (1996). "Make-believers in Bayswater and Belgravia: Bronte, Linton, and the Victorian Flirt," Victorians Institute Journal 24
  • Anderson, Nancy Fix (1987). Woman Against Women in Victorian England: A Life of Eliza Lynn Linton. Indiana University Press.
  • Anderson, Nancy Fix (1989). "Eliza Lynn Linton, Dickens, and the Woman Question," Victorian Periodicals Review 22, No. 4, pp. 134–141. JSTOR 20082411
  • Broomfield, Andrea Lynn (2001). "Much More Than an Antifeminist: Eliza Lynn Linton's Contributions to the Rise of Victorian Popular Journalism," Victorian Literature and Culture 29 (2), pp. 267–283
  • Broomfield, Andrea Lynn (2004). "Eliza Lynn Linton, Sarah Grand and the Spectacle of the Victorian Woman Question: Catch Phrases, Buzz Words and Sound Bites," English Literature in Transition, 1880–1920 47 (3), pp. 251–272
  • Brother, Elizabeth Latta (1999). "A Profession of Their Own: A Study of the Journalistic, Margaret Oliphant, Eliza Lynn Linton, and Emilia Dilke," Dissertation Abstracts International 60 (5)
  • Flanders, Judith (2004). Inside the Victorian Home: a Portrait of Domestic Life in Victorian England. New York: W. W. Norton
  • Herbert, Christopher (1983). "He Knew He Was Right, Mrs. Lynn Linton, and the Duplicities of Victorian Marriage," Texas Studies in Literature and Language 25 (3), pp. 448–469
  • Layard, George Somes (1901). Mrs. Lynn Linton; Her Life, Letters, and Opinions. London: Methuen & Co
  • Sessions, Frederick (1905). "A Successful Novelist: Eliza Lynn Linton," in Literary Celebrities of the English Lake-District. London: Eliot Stock
  • Van Thal, Herbert (1979). Eliza Lynn Linton: The Girl of the Period: A Biography. London; Boston: Allen and Unwin
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via Wikisource.
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