Endaro Mahanubhavulu

Endaro Mahanubhavulu is a popular kriti in Carnatic music composed by Tyagaraja, one of the Trinity of Carnatic music.[1] Its lyrics are in Telugu; the music is set in the Sri Ragam and is in Aadi Talam.[2][3] It is among the Pancharatna Kritis ("five gems") of Tyagaraja.

Etymology

The word Mahānubhāvulu is made up of two Sanskrit words, mahát and anubhava. Mahát is a superlative term which means "great, important, high, eminent" and is related to the word mahadbhū which means "to become great or full (said of the moon)".[4][5] The term anubhava refers to experience or knowledge derived from personal observation.[6] Hence the word Mahānubhāvulu is referring to those devotees who have acquired extraordinary wisdom through their personal experiences. The word Endarō means "many persons".[7] Thus, Endarō Mahānubhāvulu can be translated as "The great men who have attained dizzy heights in their spiritual experience and who have lived in all the ages".[8]

History

Endaro Mahanubhavulu was composed by Tyagaraja after an encounter with Govinda Marar, a highly skilled musician from Travancore (modern-day Kerala, India). One of Govinda's greatest musicial feats was that he could effortlessly sing a pallavi in six kalas. As a result, he came to be known as 'Shatkala Govinda Marar'. In 1838, as the fame of Tyagaraja reached him, he decided to travel to Thiruvaiyaru to see him in person. He took with him two of his disciples, Nallathambi Mudaliyar and Vadivelu.

When he finally visited Tyagaraja's house, he found Tyagaraja sitting on a stone platform outside the house. Marar respectfully bowed to the great master and said "I have come seeking the privilege of listening to your celestial music. You should be pleased to confer it on me." Tyagaraja would never sing for the pleasure of strangers, without an inner urge. So he gave no response to the request. Vadivelu understood Tyagaraja's mind and asked him if he would at least listen to his master Marar sing. Tyagaraja glanced at Marar and condescendingly replied "What glorious music can this sick man offer? Let me see." Govinda Marar sang with his heart and soul, moving from raga to raga, overwhelming the audience with his singing. The performance conjured images of mighty musicians and artists in Tyagaraja's mind. That very moment the words of the renown song 'Endaro Mahanubhavulu' flowed from his lips.[9] The song was a dedication to all the great maestros and performers. In this poem, Tyagaraja describes the greatness of devotees through the ages.[10]

Ragam

The kriti is set to Sri Ragam, which is a janya of the 22nd melakarta, Kharaharapriya.

Scale
  • Aarohanam : S R2 M1 P N2 S'
  • Avarohanam : S' N2 P D2 N2 P M1 R2 G2 R2 S

Lyrics

Pallavi

Endarō mahānubhāvulu andarīki vandanamulu endarō

Anupallavi

Canduru varṇuni andacandamunu hr̥dayāravindamuna jūci brahmānanda manubhavin̄cuvā

Charanam

1 Sāma gāna lōla manasija lāvaṇya dhanya mūrdhanyu (lendarō)

2 Mānasa vanacara vara sañcāramu nilipi mūrti bāguga poḍaganē vā (rendarō)

3 Saraguna pādamulaku swāntamanu sarōjamunu samarpaṇamu sēyuvā (rendarō)

4 Patita pāvanuḍanē parātparuni guriñci paramārthamagu nija mārgamutōnu pāḍucunu sallāpamutō swara-layādi rāgamulu teliyuvā-(rendarō)

5 Hariguṇa maṇimaya saramulu gaḷamuna śōbhillu bhakta kōṭulilalō telivitō celimitō karuṇa galgi jagamellanu sudhā dṛṣṭicē brōcu vā-(rendarō)

6 Hoyalu mīra naḍalu galgu sarasuni sadā kanula jūcucunu pulaka śarīrulai yānanda payōdhi nimagnulai mudambunanu yaśamu galavā (rendarō)

7 Parama bhāgavata mauni varaśaśi vibhākara sanaka sanandana digīśa sura kimpuruṣa kanaka-kaśipu suta nārada tumburu pavana-sūnu bālacandra-dhara śuka sarōja bhava bhūsura varulu parama pāvanulu ghanulu śāśvatulu kamalabhava sukhamu sadānubhavulu gāka (yendarō) Payōdhi nimagnulayi mudambunanu yaśamugalavā

8 Nī mēnu nāma vaibhavambulanu nī parākrama dhairyamula śānta mānasamu nīvulanu vacana satyamunu raghuvara nīyeḍa sadbhaktiyu janiñcakanu durmatamulanu kalla jēsinaṭṭi nī madineriṅgi santasambunanu guṇa bhajanānanda kīrtanamu sēyuvā (rendarō)

9 Bhāgavata rāmāyaṇa gītādi śruti śāstra purāṇapu marmamulanu śivādi ṣaṇmatamula gūḍhamulanu muppadi mukkōṭi surāntaraṅgamula bhāvambula- neriṅgi bhāva rāga layādi saukhyamucē cirāyuvul kalgi niravadhi sukhātmulai tyāgarājāptulaina-vā (rendarō)

10 Prēma muppiri konu vēḷa nāmamu talacē vāru5 rāma bhaktuḍaina tyāga- rāja nutuni nija dāsulaina vā (rendarō) prēma muppirigonu vēḷa nāmamunu dalacēvāru

Meaning

Pallavi

Salutations to all those great men in this world

Anupallavi

Those men will feel the moonlike beautiful form of God in their hearts and will be enlightened about it

Charanam

1 Those who worship you who is fond of Samagana

2 They control their mind and worship you who is as beautiful as Manmatha

3 They submit their hearts at your feet

4 Oh! the protector of people they sing your praise with true devotion and they have good knowledge of swara, laya & raga

5 They wear garlands made of gems that represent the quality of Hari and with mercy they see the whole world with love & affection

6 They are so happy to see the beautiful gait of the God everyday and they are happy about it

7 Surya, Chandra, Sanaka Sanandanas, Dikpalas, Devas, Kimpurushas, Prahalada, Narada, Tumburu, Anjaneya, Siva, Sukar, Brahma, Brahmanas enjoy the Brahmanandha Swaroopa of God always. Apart from them there are others and salutations to them also

8 They praise your form, name, valour, bravery, peaceful heart, true words. You destroy all bad thoughts that prevent people from praying you, they know that and they praise your qualities

9 Those who know the secret of Bhagavatha, Ramayana, Gita, Sruti, Sasthra, Epic, various religious thoughts, the thoughts of the 33 types of Devas, bhava, raga, tala and they have a long life and enjoy all good things

10 Those beloved of the Lord of Tyagaraja, when bhakti increases they think your name, they are Rama bhaktas, they are devotees of the Lord of Tyagaraja who worships you

References
  1. "The trinity of Carnatic music, Thyagaraja Swamy, Muthuswamy Dikshithar, Shyama Sastry". www.indiavideo.org. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  2. "Unsung genius". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 May 2008.
  3. "Endaro Mahanubhavulu".
  4. Monier Monier Williams, महत्, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology
  5. Monier Monier Williams, महद्भू, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology
  6. Monier Monier Williams, अनुभव, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology
  7. Charles Philip Brown, ఎందరు, Telugu English Dictionary with Etymology
  8. Panchagnula, Ramesh. "Word-by-word meaning of Endaro Mahanubhavulu". Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  9. Krishnamurthy, Shri S.; Rao, L. S. Sheshagiri (2012). Sri Thyagaraja. Sapna Book House. ISBN 9788128017957.
  10. "Pancharatna". Government College of Music, Thiruvaiyaru. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
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