Equal-cost multi-path routing

Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple best paths with equal routing priority. Multi-path routing can be used in conjunction with most routing protocols because it is a per-hop decision made independently at each router. It can substantially increase bandwidth by load-balancing traffic over multiple paths; however, there may be significant problems in deploying it in practice.[1]

ECMP animation using IEEE 802.1aq protocol

History

Load balancing by per-packet multipath routing was generally disfavored due to the impact of rapidly changing latency, packet reordering and maximum transmission unit (MTU) differences within a network flow, which could disrupt the operation of many Internet protocols, most notably TCP and path MTU discovery. RFC 2992 analyzed one particular multipath routing strategy involving the assignment of flows through hashing flow-related data in the packet header. This solution is designed to avoid these problems by sending all packets from any particular network flow through the same path while balancing multiple flows over multiple paths in general.[2]

Shortest Path Bridging

Shortest Path Bridging establishes multiple forward and reverse paths used for unicast and multicast traffic on Ethernet neworks.[3][4][5][6][7]

See also

References
  1. Multipath Issues in Unicast and Multicast Next-Hop Selection. doi:10.17487/RFC2991. RFC 2991. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  2. Analysis of an Equal-Cost Multi-Path Algorithm. doi:10.17487/RFC2992. RFC 2992.
  3. "802.1Q-2014 - Bridges and Bridged Networks". IEEE. 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  4. "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks---Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks - Amendment: Equal Cost Multiple Paths (ECMP)".
  5. "Alcatel-Lucent, Avaya, Huawei, Solana and Spirent Showcase Shortest Path Bridging Interoperability". Huawei. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  6. Luo, Zhen; Suh, Changjin (3 March 2011). "An improved shortest path bridging protocol for Ethernet backbone network". The International Conference on Information Networking 2011 (ICOIN2011). Information Networking, International Conference on. IEEE Xplore. pp. 148–153. doi:10.1109/ICOIN.2011.5723169. ISBN 978-1-61284-661-3. ISSN 1976-7684.
  7. "Lab Testing Summary Report; Data Center Configuration with SPB" (PDF). Miercom. September 2011. Retrieved 2017-11-29.


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