Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes

Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes (Fighter Squadron 1/2 Cigognes) is a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) fighter squadron currently stationed at BA 116 Luxeuil - Saint-Sauveur Air Base, Haute-Saône, France (ICAO: LFSX).[1]

Fighter Squadron 1/2 Cigognes
Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes
Dassault Mirage 2000-5F of the 1/2 seen during exercise Red Flag at Nellis AFB.
ActiveNovember 1945 - present
Country France
Branch Armée de l'air et de l'espace
TypeFighter aircraft
RoleAerial Defense
Part of2e Escadre de Chasse
Garrison/HQBA 116 Luxeuil - Saint-Sauveur Air Base
Aircraft flown
FighterDassault Mirage 2000-5F

It inherits the traditions of three notable World War I units: SPA 3 of the famous ace Georges Guynemer, SPA26, SPA 103 of René Fonck, and SPA 12.[2]

Heir to Escadrille 3 (the "Cigognes" Escadrille) EC 1/2 Cigogne was created on November 1945, by reorganizing No. 329 Squadron RAF, which the latter was constituted by pilots of Groupe de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes after the armistice of 1940. The latter was deployed to French Indochina, and combat engaged on Supermarine Spitfire, with Escadrille SPA 3 stationed in Saigon and the SPA 103 stationed in Hanoi. Upon its return to mainland France, the squadron converted to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt in 1948.

History
10 September 1916 cover of Le Petit Journal showing Georges Guynemer
25 April 1918 cover of Le Petit Journal showing Rene Fonck

Before and during World War I

Following a decision taken by the French Army General Council,[3] in June 1912, the first flights of the French air arm were formed. One of these was established at the army camp of Avord, in Cher. Its designation, B.L. 3, arose from the aircraft type with which it was equipped, the Blériot XI. Once established, the flight moved eastward, towards Alsace. The sight of this 'migration' led to comparison with the storks which are harbingers spring in Alsace. So the name 'Cigogne' came to be associated in people's minds with B.L. 3.[4] Alsace had been part of France until 1871 but in 1912 was part of Germany. The association therefore touched French pride.

It was not until 1916, under the pressure of the Great War in which aircraft numbers grew rapidly, that the association between the emblem and the unit became official. So that aircrews should be able to recognise other members of their own flight, in order to regroup after dispersal during fighting, the command of the Somme Combat Group, of which flight.3 was then a part, ordered that clear symbols be painted on aircraft. By this time, the flights had been grouped into squadrons. The squadron's commanding officer, Commandant Felix Brocard, chose to make reference to the Alsatian storks by using a white stork with lowered wings as the emblem on the Nieuports of no. 3 flight. He then ordered the other flights of the squadron to choose emblems using storks in other postures.[4] The modern emblem of the squadron bears three storks at three points in the wing-beat cycle. They represent respectively Flight 3 (wings low), Flight 103 (wings high) and Flight 12 (wings spread).[5]

See also Escadrille 3, Escadrille 26, Escadrille 103, Escadrille 12

World War II

Having distinguished itself during the Battle of France in 1940, the squadron was disbanded in August. However, it was re-formed in July 1941 and equipped with Dewoitine D.520s. In 1942, it was sent to North Africa where it took its opportunity, with other units, to join the Free French Forces and was shipped to Ayr, in Scotland. There it was given the British designation No. 329 Squadron RAF. On 6 June 1944, it took part in the Normandy landings and from 19 August, was again based in France, at Sommervieu, Normandy, under Captain Ozanne. At this period, it specialized in ground attack but aerial combat was still part of the job and in December 1944, the squadron was faced with its first Jet-propelled opposition. In July 1945, fifteen aircraft of the squadron took part in the victory fly-past.[2]

Post World War II
Mirage IIIC of the 1/2 Cigognes.
A Mystère IVA of EC 1/2 appears in this collection of NATO aircraft taken at Bitburg in 1959.

In November 1945, the squadron, EC 1/2 Cigognes was re-established as a unit of the French Air Force. In June 1946 it left for French Indochina where it flew the Supermarine Spitfire, with the SPA 3 flight stationed at Saigon and SPA 103 at Hanoi. On its return to Metropolitan France in 1948, it was reequipped with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.

In 1949, EC 1/2 Cigognes moved to its present base at Dijon-Longvic, at the same time reequipping with De Havilland Vampire jets, followed by the Dassault MD 450 Ouragan, then Dassault Mystère IVAs. It was in this aircraft that the squadron was engaged during the Suez Crisis in 1956. Notably, it became the first unit of the French Air Force to deploy an indigenous Mach-2 fighter, the new Mirage IIIC, on 7 July 1961.[6] In 1968 these were replaced by Mirage IIIE.

In 1984, the "Storks" moved onto the Dassault Mirage 2000C. On September 9 1994, it received a third flight: the SPA 12. At the end of the 1990s, the squadron moved to Dassault Mirage 2000-5F.

Escadrille SPA 12 was dissolved on September 3 2009 and replaced by SPA 26 (a traditional escadrille of Escadron de Chasse 1/5 Vendée, dissolved in 2007).

On Friday 29 July 2011, the squadron moved to Luxeuil - Saint-Sauveur Air Base. This put an end to the presence of the Cigognes on Aerial Base 102 Dijon-Longvic.

The squadron has played a role in NATO's response to the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, providing a pair of Mirage 2000-5F (along with a pair of Mirage 2000C fighters from EC 2/5) which arrived at Poland's 22nd Air Base on 2 June 2014.[7]

Designations and successive denominations
Mirage 2000 "Escadron/Squadron Cigognes".

The squadron has known during the course of history, the following designations:

  • Groupe de Chasse I/2 (G.C I/2) with escadrille SPA 3 and SPA 103 from 1 September 1933 until 20 August 1940 attached to the 2e Escadre de Chasse between 1 September 1933 and 1 May 1939.
  • Groupe de Chasse I/2 with only one escadrille SPA 3 from 1 July 1941 until 1 January 1944
  • No. 329 Squadron RAF was attached to the Royal Air Force between 1 January 1944 and 1 November 1945.
  • Groupe de Chasse I/2 Cigognes (G.C I/2 Cigognes) with escadrille SPA 3 from 1 November 1945 until 1 April 1946 attached to the 2nd Fighter Wing.
  • Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes (E.C 1/2 Cigognes) with Escadrilles SPA 3, SPA 103 from 1 April 1950 until 9 September 1994 part of the 2nd Fighter Wing
  • Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes (E.C 1/2 Cigognes) with Escadrille SPA 3, SPA 103 and SPA 12 from 9 September 1994 until 3 September 2009.
  • Escadron de Chasse 1/2 Cigognes (E.C 1/2 Cigognes) with Escadrille SPA 3, SPA 103 and SPA 26 as of 3 September 2009. The Escadron/Squadron was attached again to the 2e Escadre de Chasse on 3 September 2015.

Flights

In 2015, the Escadron 1/2 Cigognes is composed of three escadrille

  • SPA 3 Cigognes, known as Guynemer's
  • SPA 26 Cigognes, known as (dite) Saint-Galmier
  • SPA 103 Cigognes, known as Fonck's

Escadrille SPA 12 Cigognes was attached to the 1/2 Cigognes between 9 September 1994 and 3 September 2009.

Bases
Mirages IIIE of the squadron (escadron) in 1978.

Aircraft

See also

References
  1. "Escadron de chasse 01.002 " Cigognes "" (in French). French MoD. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  2. French Air Force web site (Archived 2009-09-03) (fr).
  3. Law of 29 March 1912 Archived 3 September 2009 at WebCite. "Military aeronautics is charged with the study, the acquisition or the construction and the putting into a working state, of aerial navigation devices useable by the Army, such as balloons, aeroplanes and kites." This was not strictly, the founding of the French Air Force but it was an effective step in that direction. Accessed 2009-08-30. Archived 2009-09-03.
  4. Squadron site
  5. The three emblems may be seen separately at the foot of the squadron’s page in the Air Force site. While the squadron's emblem has all three birds in black and white, the individual emblem of No. 12 Flight is in black and silver. Accessed 2009-08-30. Archived 2009-09-03.
  6. Pierre-Alain Antoine (September 2011). "Memories of a Mirage driver". Aircraft: 87. ISSN 2041-2150.
  7. "France Replaces Rafales with Mirages on Polish Det". Air Forces Monthly: 11. August 2014.
  8. Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. p. 89–90; 103–104.
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