Estrada index

In chemical graph theory, the Estrada index is a topological index of protein folding. The index was first defined by Ernesto Estrada as a measure of the degree of folding of a protein,[1] which is represented as a path-graph weighted by the dihedral or torsional angles of the protein backbone. This index of degree of folding has found multiple applications in the study of protein functions and protein-ligand interactions.

The name "Estrada index" was introduced by de la Peña et al. in 2007.[2]

Derivation

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of size $|V|=n$ and let $\lambda _{1}\geq \lambda _{2}\geq \cdots \geq \lambda _{n}$ be a non-increasing ordering of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A$ . The Estrada index is defined as

\operatorname {EE} (G)=\sum _{j=1}^{n}e^{\lambda _{j}}

For a general graph, the index can be obtained as the sum of the subgraph centralities of all nodes in the graph. The subgraph centrality of node $i$ is defined as[3]

\operatorname {EE} (i)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(A^{k})_{ii}}{k!}}

The subgraph centrality has the following closed form[3]

\operatorname {EE} (i)=(e^{A})_{ii}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}[\varphi (i)]^{2}e^{\lambda _{j}}

where $\varphi _{j}(i)$ is the $i$ th entry of the $j$ th eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue $\lambda _{j}$ . It is straightforward to realise that[3]

\operatorname {EE} (G)=\operatorname {tr} (e^{A})

References

Estrada, E. (2000). "Characterization of 3D molecular structure". Chem. Phys. Lett. 319 (319): 713. Bibcode:2000CPL...319..713E. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00158-5.
de la Peña, J. A.; Gutman, I.; Rada, J. (2007). "Estimating the Estrada index". Linear Algebra Appl. 427: 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2007.06.020.
Estrada, E.; Rodríguez-Velázquez, J.A. (2005). "Subgraph centrality in complex networks". Phys. Rev. E. 71 (5): 056103. arXiv:cond-mat/0504730. Bibcode:2005PhRvE..71e6103E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.056103. PMID 16089598. S2CID 4512786.

Zhou, Bo; Gutman, Ivan (2009). "More on the Laplacian Estrada Index". Appl. Anal. Discrete Math. 3 (2): 371–378. doi:10.2298/AADM0902371Z.

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[1] Estrada, E. (2000). "Characterization of 3D molecular structure". Chem. Phys. Lett. 319 (319): 713. Bibcode:2000CPL...319..713E. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00158-5.

[2] Peña, J. A.; Gutman, I.; Rada, J. (2007). "Estimating the Estrada index". Linear Algebra Appl. 427: 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2007.06.020.

[Estrada-3] Estrada, E.; Rodríguez-Velázquez, J.A. (2005). "Subgraph centrality in complex networks". Phys. Rev. E. 71 (5): 056103. arXiv:cond-mat/0504730. Bibcode:2005PhRvE..71e6103E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.056103. PMID 16089598. S2CID 4512786.