Eugene McDaniel

Eugene Barker McDaniel (27 September 1931 – ) is a retired United States Navy Captain, Naval Aviator and former Prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. He was released from captivity on 4 March 1973, after 6 years of confinement.

Eugene McDaniel
Captain Eugene "Red" McDaniel
Birth nameEugene Barker McDaniel
Nickname(s)Red (for his hair color)
Born (1931-09-27) September 27, 1931
Kinston, North Carolina
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service1955 – 1982
Rank Captain
Service number0-1319 / 4751406
UnitVA-35 on USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
Commands held
Battles/warsVietnam War
Cold War
Awards Navy Cross
Silver Star Medal (2)
Legion of Merit (2)
DFC
Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart (2)
Spouse(s)Dorothy Howard

Background

McDaniel was born in September 1931 to Willard and Helen McDaniel,[1][2] poor tobacco sharecroppers in North Carolina. He was the eldest of eight children. In High School, he was heavily involved in athletics and played basketball and baseball. He had an offer to play baseball professionally, but his father insisted that McDaniel attend college, having only finished 4th grade himself. McDaniel attended Campbell Junior College in Buies Creek, North Carolina on an athletic scholarship. He met his wife Dorothy Howard, the daughter of a Baptist minister, at Campbell and married her six years later. Following Campbell, McDaniel attended Elon College in Elon, North Carolina and enlisted in the Navy. He became interested in aviation since he felt it complemented his athletic mindset. He attended flight school in Corpus Christi, Texas then moved to Virginia Beach, Virginia. He had three children with Dorothy prior to his capture in Vietnam, Mike, David and Leslie.[3]

McDaniel began US Navy active duty 15 March 1955 and was designated a Naval Aviator 1 October 1956 after completing training. From 1956 to 1960, he was a Special Weapons Delivery Instructor with VA-25 and VA-65, which was equipped with the Douglas A-1 Skyraider at the time. From 1961 to 1963, he was a Replacement Air Group (RAG) Flight Instructor with VA-42. From 1963 to 1965, McDaniel was with USS Independence as an assistant Carrier Air Traffic Control (CATC) after completing training for Air Intercept Controller (AIC) / Carrier Controlled Approach (CCA) in Glynco, Georgia.[4]

McDaniel deployed on a combat tour to Vietnam as Maintenance Officer with VA-35 aboard USS Enterprise starting in November 1966. He flew 81 combat missions up to May 1967.[4] McDaniel was shot down while flying an A-6A Intruder aircraft (buno 152594) on 19 May 1967 during an Alpha strike on Văn Điển, south of Hanoi, in North Vietnam during Operation Rolling Thunder.[3][5] He was listed as "missing in action" until the Hanoi government acknowledged that he was being held prisoner in 1970.[6] His bombardier-navigator, James Kelly Patterson, also ejected from the A-6, but as of 2014, it was presumed that Patterson was captured and died at some point later.[7]

McDaniel was tortured while in captivity during the Vietnam War. The most severe torture resulted from his active role in camp communications during an organized escape attempt by his fellow prisoners in June 1969. During that time McDaniel was detained in isolation for more than two weeks, severely beaten, bound with ropes resulting in a compound fracture of his arm, deprived of sleep and subjected to electrical shock.[3][8] Even though he was not directly involved in planning the escape attempt, he refused to give his torturers the names of the organizers and accepted responsibility for the attempt himself. He is the author of Scars and Stripes, a book telling about his six years of captivity in North Vietnam, with much of it in Hỏa Lò Prison, known as the Hanoi Hilton.[3]

He was released from captivity on 4 March 1973, after 6 years of captivity[9] and spent much of 1973 attached to Portsmouth Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia. When McDaniel returned home from Vietnam, he was awarded the Navy's second highest award for bravery, the Navy Cross. Among his other military decorations are two Silver Stars, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V", the Distinguished Flying Cross, three Bronze Stars with Combat "V", and two Purple Hearts for wounds received while in captivity.[6]

Captain McDaniel resumed active duty and served as Commanding Officer of USS Niagara Falls from 21 June 1975 to 10 September 1976[10] and Commanding Officer of the aircraft carrier USS Lexington from 25 May 1977 to 30 November 1978.[11] Under his command, Lexington experienced no serious accidents while accomplishing more than 20,000 carrier landings.[6] While Captain McDaniel was commander of the Lexington, Gerard Bianco[12] was commissioned by the Navy to go aboard and paint the most exciting thing he found. The portrait hangs in the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.

McDaniel served as Director of Navy/Marine Corps Liaison to the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1981. In this capacity, Captain McDaniel worked daily with Congress on national defense planning and provided legislators with information vital to the strategic development of Navy forces throughout the world. He retired from the Navy 6 January 1982.[4][6]

Post-Navy Career

McDaniel subsequently became involved in the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, leading to a "grassroots campaign to focus attention on American servicemen still missing in Southeast Asia."[6]

In 1982, McDaniel ran on the Republican ticket against Democrat incumbent Charles Orville Whitley to represent North Carolina's 3rd congressional district.[13] McDaniel was defeated 63% to 36% in that election.

In 1988, McDaniel went on a speaking tour of US Navy commands to encourage military personnel to register to vote and discussing his experiences as a POW.[14]

McDaniel was President of the American Defense Institute, a non-profit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. He founded ADI to increase public awareness of the need for a strong national defense.[6]

In 2010, McDaniel was on a speaking tour for US Navy officers and also speaking at returning soldier and sailor workshops.[15][16]

Awards and honors
Navy Cross

For his actions in captivity from 14–29 June 1969 he received the Navy Cross with the following citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Captain Eugene Barker McDaniel (NSN: 0-1319/4751406), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism as a Prisoner of War (POW) in North Vietnam from 14 June to 29 June 1969. Due to an unsuccessful escape attempt by two of his fellow prisoners, his captors launched a vicious round of torture to single out the senior POW's who were to blame for the breakout. During these torture sessions a confession led to exposing him as the communications link between the senior ranking officer of the main prison camp and the adjacent annex detachment. He accepted the responsibility for the escape and fabricated a story of his own planned escape. After interrogation, the enemy severely tortured him in their attempt to obtain information about the organization and policies of the American POW's in the camp. Under the most adverse of conditions, he heroically resisted these cruelties and never divulged the information demanded by the North Vietnamese. His exemplary courage, maximum resistance, and aggressiveness in the face of the enemy reflected great credit upon himself and upheld the highest traditions of the Naval Service and the United States Armed Forces.[17]

— Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals

Bibliography
  • McDaniel, Eugene B; Johnson, James L (1975). Before Honor. Philadelphia: A. J. Holman Co. ISBN 0-87981-046-7.
  • McDaniel, Eugene B; Johnson, James L (2012). Scars and Stripes: The True Story of One Man's Courage Facing Death as a POW in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: WND Books. p. 159. ISBN 1-936488-47-7.

References
  1. "Happiness was a Phone Call from the Defense Dept". The Times-News. Hendersonville, North Carolina. 2 March 1973.
  2. 1940 United States Census, United States Census, 1940; Hookerton, Greene County, North Carolina; roll T627_2918, page 10A, line 30, enumeration district 40-6. Retrieved on 1 January 2015.
  3. McDaniel, Eugene B; Johnson, James L (2012). Scars and Stripes: The True Story of One Man's Courage Facing Death as a POW in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: WND Books. p. 159. ISBN 1-936488-47-7.
  4. "McDaniel, Eugene B" (PDF). Early and Pioneer Naval Aviators Association. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  5. "Enterprise VIIIb". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  6. "Eugene McDaniel". American Defense Institute website. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  7. "PATTERSON, JAMES KELLY". pownetwork.org. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  8. Rochester, Stuart I. (2010). The Battle Behind Bars: Navy and Marine POWs in the Vietnam War. Naval Historical Foundation. ISBN 978-0-945274-61-2.
  9. "106 Healthy, Happy POWs are Returned from Red Captivity". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Lewiston, Maine. 5 March 1973.
  10. "Niagara Falls Commanding Officers". NavSource Online. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  11. "Lexington Commanding Officers". NavSource Online. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  12. http://www.gerardbianco.com/
  13. CLYMER, ADAM (15 July 1982). "G.O.P. SEEKS GAINS IN NORTH CAROLINA". New York Times.
  14. Lefler, JOl Melissa (September 1988). "It's up to you" (PDF). All Hands. Navy Internal Relations Activity. 66 (858): 34. ISSN 0002-5577.
  15. Meredith, MC2 Mark (9 July 2010). "Returning Warrior Workshop Brings Families, Sailors Together". NNS100709-08. Navy News Service.
  16. Pursle, Ensign Anna (4 March 2010). "Vietnam War POW Visits USS Preble". NNS100304-04. Navy News Service.
  17. "Eugene Barker McDaniel". militarytimes.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  18. "Freedoms Foundation" (PDF). Naval Aviation News. US Navy (May 1979).
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