External border of the European Union

The border of the European Union consists of European Union (EU) countries' borders with countries which are not members of the EU.

Map of the European Union (as of March 2020)

List of bilateral land borders

Current borders

1. Austria–Liechtenstein border (S)
2. Austria–Switzerland border (S)
3. Bulgaria–North Macedonia border
4. Bulgaria–Serbia border
5. Bulgaria–Turkey border
6. Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina border
7. Croatia–Montenegro border
8. Croatia–Serbia border
9. Cyprus–Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) borders (Akrotiri and Dhekelia have not been part of the EU)
10. Estonia–Russia border
11. Finland–Norway border (S)
12. Finland–Russia border
13. France–Andorra border
14. France–Brazil border
15. France–Monaco border (O)
16. France–Netherlands border (Saint-Martin and Sint Maarten); see Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls
17. France–Suriname border
18. France–Switzerland border (S)
19. France–United Kingdom border (channel tunnel)
20. Germany–Switzerland border (S)
21. Greece–Albania border
22. Greece–North Macedonia border
23. Greece–Turkey border
24. Hungary–Serbia border
25. Hungary–Ukraine border
26. Ireland–United Kingdom border
27. Italy–San Marino border (O)
28. Italy–Switzerland border (S)
29. Italy–Vatican City border (O)
30. Latvia–Belarus border
31. Latvia–Russia border
32. Lithuania–Belarus border
33. Lithuania–Russia border
34. Poland–Belarus border
35. Poland–Russia border
36. Poland–Ukraine border
37. Romania–Moldova border
38. Romania–Serbia border
39. Romania–Ukraine border
40. Slovakia–Ukraine border
41. Spain–Andorra border
42. Spain–Gibraltar (UK) border
43. Spain–Morocco border
44. Sweden–Norway border (S)

• (S) = Internal Schengen border, no border control, although there may be customs control due to the external EU border status
• (O) = Open border to microstates, minimal border control

De facto borders

1. Cyprus–Northern Cyprus border (Green Line)

Former borders

Border	From	Until
Germany–Denmark border	1957	1973
France–Spain border	1957	1986
West German–East German border	1957	1990
Germany–Austria border	1957	1995
Italy–Austria border	1957	1995
Germany–Poland border	1990	2004
Germany–Czech Republic border	1957, 1990	2004
Austria–Czech Republic border	1995	2004
Austria–Slovakia border	1995	2004
Austria–Hungary border	1995	2004
Austria–Slovenia border	1995	2004
Italy–Slovenia border	1957	2004
Hungary–Romania border	2004	2007
Greece–Bulgaria border	1981	2007
Hungary–Croatia border	2004	2013
Slovenia–Croatia border	2004	2013

Border status and cooperation

In 2004 the European Union developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the promotion of cooperation between the EU and its neighbors to the East and South of the European territory of the EU (i.e., excluding its outermost regions),[1] which, in part, includes the Cross-Border Cooperation programme aimed at the promotion of economic development in border areas and ensuring border security.[2]

See also

• Schengen Area

References

1. What is the European Neighbourhood Policy?
2. "The new European Neighbourhood Instrument: providing increased support to the EU's partners". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-03-14.

External links

• Grigore Silaşi, Ovidiu Laurian Simina (eds.), Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union: Space of Freedom and Security, 2008, Editura Universităţii de Vest, ISBN 978-973-125-160-8