Ezra Vogel

Ezra Feivel Vogel (traditional Chinese: 傅高義; simplified Chinese: 傅高义; pinyin: Fù Gāoyì; July 11, 1930 — December 20, 2020[1]) was an American academic who became the Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University. He wrote prolifically on modern Japan, China, Korea, and other topics related to Asia.

Ezra Vogel
Vogel at the National Library of China in 2013
Born
Ezra Feivel Vogel

(1930-07-11)July 11, 1930
Delaware, Ohio, US
DiedDecember 20, 2020(2020-12-20) (aged 90)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
AwardsGuggenheim Fellowship for Social Sciences; Japan Foundation Prize 1996
Academic background
Alma mater
Doctoral advisorTalcott Parsons
Academic work
Institutions
Main interestsEast Asian society, politics, and history

His 1978 book Japan as Number One: Lessons for America was a best-seller in both English and Japanese, and his 2011 book Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China won the Lionel Gelber Prize.

Biography

Ezra Vogel was born to Joseph and Edith Vogel, a family of Jewish immigrants in 1930 in Delaware, Ohio.[1] As a child, he helped his father in the family's clothing store, which was called The People's Store. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1950, and maintained close ties with his alma mater for the rest of his life, donating royalties from his books and returning to campus frequently.[2] While attending Ohio Wesleyan, Vogel was a member of the Beta Sigma Tau fraternity ( later merged with the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity).[3]

He was drafted[4] to serve two years in the U.S. Army without seeing combat[5] during the Korean War.[6] The service involved working for a psychiatric unit of a military hospital.[7] After discharge, Vogel enrolled in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard and graduated with his PhD in 1958. His advisor was Talcott Parsons. After two years of field work in Japan, he worked as an assistant professor at Yale University from 1960–1961, but returned to Harvard for post-doctoral work on Chinese language and history. He was appointed as a Lecturer in 1964, later becoming a tenured professor; he remained at Harvard until his retirement.[8]

Vogel was involved with several research groups during his career. He was director of Harvard's East Asian Research Center from 1972–1977 and Chairman of the Council for East Asian Studies from 1977–1980. He also was director of the Program on US–Japan Relations at the Center for International Affairs from 1980–1987, and was named Honorary Director upon stepping down.[8] He was Director of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies from 1973–1975[9] and 1995–1999.[10] He was the founding director of the Asia Center (1997–1999). He retired on June 30, 2000.[8]

Vogel was married to Charlotte Ikels, professor of anthropology at Case Western University. He had three children with his first wife, Suzanne Hall Vogel: David, Steven (who became a political scientist), and Eve.[8]

Vogel died in Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on December 20, 2020. He was 90 years old.[11][12]

Scholarly career

Vogel published dozens of articles, reviews, conference papers, and books on China, Japan, and American–East Asian Relations, and organized scholarly and policy conferences. He headed the undergraduate East Asian Studies concentration (major) at Harvard.[8]

After editing a book of readings on the sociology of the family, Vogel published his first book, Japan’s New Middle Class (1963; 2nd ed.1971), using ethnographic research he and his wife Suzanne carried out through interviews and observation in a Tokyo suburb (1950–1960). Their goal was to understand the life of the "salary man" and his family, a new group that had emerged after the war.[13] Vogel then turned from ethnography to China watching. He studied Chinese language, read newspapers and documents, and conducted interviews in Hong Kong. Canton Under Communism (1969) was a detailed description of regional government and politics in Guangdong.[2] His 1979 book, Japan as Number One, described those areas where Japan had been successful and the United States less so. “Most Japanese understate their successes because they are innately modest," he wrote, and "more purposive Japanese, wanting to rally domestic forces or to reduce foreign pressures, have chosen to dramatize Japan’s potential disasters”. On the American side, he continued, "our confidence in the superiority of Western civilization and our desire to see ourselves as number one make it difficult to acknowledge that we have practical things to learn”. The book's translation into Japanese was a best-seller, arousing debate among American scholars of Japan.[14]

Vogel's later research areas included industrialization, changes in family structure, political change, and security issues in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and East Asia overall. In Beijing, Vogel began to study Deng Xiaoping, thanks to his extensive interviews with Deng's economic adviser Yu Guangyuan. Vogel co-translated Yu's memoir on China's economic reform, and used it as a roadmap to his thinking on Deng.[15] He continued publishing after his retirement: his last two books were Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (2011) and China and Japan: Facing History (2019).[2] He contributed his royalties from the Chinese translation of this Deng political biography to his alma mater, Ohio Wesleyan, to promote international study and travel. The University estimated the contribution to be over $500,000.[16]

Vogel served as National Intelligence Officer for East Asia with the National Intelligence Council from 1993 to 1995.[2] In 1999, when American forces bombed the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, Vogel was reported by The Guardian as saying that it was not credible that the embassy was bombed by mistake when the C.I.A. used old maps.[17] He later added "I find it hard to believe that anyone would consciously do such a thing and certainly not as a matter of policy. On the other hand I don't find it hard to believe that a massive mistake happened with a series of pitfalls and miscues adding up to disaster." [18]

Starting in 2000, Vogel organized a series of conferences between Chinese, Japanese, and Western scholars to work together to examine World War II in East Asia; his intent was to promote reconciliation among the countries and support politicians who wanted to solve the lingering problems from that era.[19] One of the resulting conference volumes was China at War: Regions of China, 1937–1945 (2007), co-edited with Stephen R. Mackinnon and Diana Lary.[20]

Publications

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Ezra Vogel, OCLC/WorldCat returns 150+ works in 400+ publications in 12 languages and 14,900+ library holdings.[21]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Selected books and edited volumes
  • A Modern Introduction to the Family (1960), with Norman W. Bell OCLC 902035798
  • ——— (1963), Japan's New Middle Class: the Salary Man and his Family in a Tokyo Suburb, Berkeley: University of California PressCS1 maint: ref=harv (link). 2nd ed. 1971. On Internet Archive.
  • Canton under Communism; Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949–1968 (1969) ISBN 9780674094758
  • Modern Japanese Organization and Decision-making (1975) ISBN 9780520028579
  • Japan as Number One: Lessons for America (1979) ISBN 9781583484104
  • Comeback, Case by Case : Building the Resurgence of American Business (1985) ISBN 9780671460792
  • Ideology and National Competitiveness: an Analysis of Nine Countries (1987) ISBN 9780071032513
  • One Step Ahead in China: Guangdong under Reform. (1989) ISBN 9780674639119
  • Chinese Society on the Eve of Tiananmen: The Impact of Reform. (1990), with Deborah Davis ISBN 9780674125353
  • The Four Little Dragons: The Spread of Industrialization in East Asia (1993 ISBN 9780674315266) The 1990 Edwin O. Reischauer Lectures
  • Living with China : U.S./China Relations in the Twenty-First Century. (1997) ISBN 9780393317343
  • Is Japan Still Number One? (2000) ISBN 9789679787283
  • The Golden Age of the U.S.-China-Japan Triangle, 1972–1989 (2002), with Ming Yuan and Akihiko Tanaka ISBN 9780674009608
  • China at War : Regions of China, 1937–1945 (2007), with Stephen R. Mackinnon, Diana Lary ISBN 978-0-8047-5509-2
  • Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (2011) ISBN 978-0-674-05544-5
  • The Park Chung Hee Era : The Transformation of South Korea (2011) ISBN 9780674058200
  • China and Japan: Facing History (2019) ISBN 9780674916579

Edited Translations

Yu Guangyuan; Levine, Steven I. & Ezra, Vogel F. with an introduction by Ezra Vogel. Deng Xiaoping Shakes the World: An Eyewitness Account of China's Party Work Conference and the Third Plenum. Norwalk: EastBridge, 2004.[22]

Selected articles
  • ——— (1960). "The Marital Relationship of Parents of Emotionally Disturbed Children: Polarization and Isolation". Psychiatry (Washington, D.C.). 23 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/00332747.1960.11023198.
  • ——— (1960). "The Emotionally Disturbed Child as a Family Scapegoat". Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Review. 47 (2): 5–14. PMID 5192296.
  • Bell, Norman, Albert Trieschman and Ezra Vogel (1961). "A Sociocultural Analysis of the Resistances of Working-Class Fathers Treated in a Child Psychiatric Clinic". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 31 (2): 388–405. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1961.tb02136.x.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • ——— (1961). "The Democratization of Family Relations in Japanese Urban Society". Asian Survey. 1 (4): 18–24. doi:10.1525/as.1961.1.4.01p1464f.

Notes
  1. Ezra Vogel, Harvard scholar who bridged U.S. and East Asia, dies at 90 The Washington Post. December 22, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  2. Vogel (2020).
  3. "Pi Lambda Phi 2010 Membership Directory". Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  4. "Asian voice: Ezra F Vogel". East Asia Forum. January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  5. Rabbit, Chairman. "傅高义教授与笔者邮件往来选登". 微信公众平台. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  6. "Professor Ezra Vogel". scholar.harvard.edu. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  7. Zhao, Xu. "A son of the West whose passion pointed East". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  8. Harvard University (2020).
  9. Suleski (2005), pp. 45–58.
  10. Suleski (2005), p. 99.
  11. Qin, Amy (December 23, 2020). "Ezra F. Vogel, Eminent Scholar of China and Japan, Dies at 90". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  12. エズラ・ボーゲル氏死去 ジャパン・アズ・ナンバーワン (in Japanese). 朝日新闻. December 21, 2020. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  13. Vogel (1963), p. ix, xi.
  14. Johnston (2020).
  15. Ezra, Vogel (August 25, 2008). Introduction: Deng Xiaoping Shakes The World An Eyewitness Account of China's Party Work Conference and the Third Plenum. EastBridge. ISBN 9781891936548.
  16. Hatcher (2013).
  17. "Truth behind America's raid on Belgrade". The Guardian. November 27, 1999. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  18. Neilan, Edward (June 15, 2012). "In Tokyo, Chinese embassy bombing debate still rages". World Tribune. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  19. Glosserman, Brad (January 26, 2004). "Fog of politics obscures war". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  20. Worthing, Peter (2008). "Book Review: China at War: Regions of China, 1937—1945. Edited by Stephen R. MacKinnon, Diana Lary, and Ezra F. Vogel. Stanford University Press. 2007. xviii + 380 pp. US$65.00. ISBN 978 0 8047 5509 2". War in History. 15 (4): 497-499. doi:10.1177/09683445080150040508. JSTOR 26070750. S2CID 161522176.
  21. WorldCat Identities Archived December 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine: Vogel, Ezra F. Archived August 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  22. Ezra, Vogel (August 25, 2008). Introduction: Deng Xiaoping Shakes The World An Eyewitness Account of China's Party Work Conference and the Third Plenum. EastBridge. ISBN 9781891936548.

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