Ferdinand of Bavaria (soldier)

Ferdinand of Bavaria was born 20 January 1550, in Landshut, in the Duchy of Bavaria, and died 30 January 1608 in Munich, at the age of 58. He was the second surviving son of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Archduchess Anna of Austria, and consequently was prepared for a military career. Ferdinand is also known for the two extraordinary diaries he kept, one as fifteen-year-old boy on a journey from Munich to Florence, for his aunt's wedding, and a second journey to Florence, this time as young and experienced man of affairs.

This article covers the life and career of the soldier, Ferdinand of Bavaria (1550–1608).
For the life and career of his nephew, the Prince-elector of Cologne, Ferdinand of Bavaria (1577–1650), see Ferdinand of Bavaria (archbishop).
For the article on Ferdinand of Bavaria 1884–1958, Infante of Spain, see Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria.
Medal of the brothers Ernst, Wilhelm and Ferdinand of Wittelsbach

Youth

In 1565, the 15-year-old Ferdinand made a widely publicized journey to Florence, to attend the wedding of his maternal aunt, Johanna of Austria, to Francesco I de' Medici, and to visit with other maternal aunts in the city. Johanna's marriage to the Medici was a politically expedient one: she was expected to produce heirs.[1] The groom's mistress, whom he married after the death of his wife in 1579, was already well-established in 1565: this was a political marriage, and an extravagant one, and cost Duke Cosimo, father of the groom, over 60,000 ducats, a phenomenal sum.

Sending a teen-aged boy into the hot-house of Medici intrigue might have seemed questionable to the sober-minded Wittelsbachs. Albert had supported whole-heartedly the Catholic Counter-Reformation; Jesuits were entrenched at the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt, and had raised his children accordingly. Ferdinand's older brother earned for himself the sobriquet "the Pius" for his melancholy demeanor, his ardent attachment to prayer and meditation, and, more obviously, for his eschewal of hunting, dancing, and other frivolities that dominated social life in a 16th-century court.[2]

The Emperor chided his father on sending his second son, not sending William, heir to the duchy, but Albert pointed out that he was not able, on such short notice, to put together an appropriate entourage for the heir; the second son would have to do. Ferdinand's entourage was no mean affair. His chief financial adviser, Hanns Jakob Fugger, served as chief steward on the journey, and Fugger's son as Ferdinand's cup-bearer. They traveled by horse, sledge (sled), boat, and carriage in the journey that took four months, from Munich to Florence and back to Munich, and throughout the entire journey, Ferdinand maintained a journal, unusually written in the third person, about his adventure. Through Ferdinand's eyes, via his journal, we have an unusual picture of mid-16th century masquerades, musical performances, and comedies, the experience of which Ferdinand brought with him when he returned to Munich in February of the following year.[3]

On another journey, as a guest of the emperor in Vienna, he recorded the near riot during the Corpus Christi procession of 1578. As he and the archdukes Ferdinand and Maximilian heard the mass, the population harassed the celebrant priests, and interfered with the conduct of the procession itself.[4]

Career

His younger brother, Ernst, was elected to the Archbishopric of Cologne, in 1583, as part of the conflict over the control of the electoral see. Ferdinand took command of his brother's army during the Cologne War; his able management of the army, plus the support of troops from the Duke of Alba in the Spanish Netherlands, secured the electoral dignity for his brother, and consolidated the family's place in imperial politics.

Personal life

Ferdinand made a morganatic marriage with Maria Pettenbeck on 26 September 1588. The 16 children of this marriage were raised to the status of Counts and Countesses of Wartenberg. The line died out in 1736. Since then the title has also been used by various members of the Royal House of Bavaria.

  • Maria Maximiliane, Countess, Nun in Munich's Riedler Regelhaus, 1589-1638
  • Maria Magdalena, Countess, Nun in Munich's Riedler Regelhaus 1590–1620
  • Maria Magdalena von Wartenberg, 1592–1598
  • Franz Wilhelm, Count of Wartenberg, Bischop of Osnabruck 1593–1661
  • Maria Anna of Wartenberg, Nun in Kuhbach Benedictine Cloister, 1594–1629
  • Sebastian of Wartenberg 1595–1596
  • Ernst of Wartenberg 1596–1597
  • Maximillian, Count of Wartenberg 1602–1679
  • Ernst Benno, Count of Wartinberg 1605–1606
  • Maria Katharina of Wartenberg, 1605–1606
  • Ferdinand Lorenz, Count of Wartenberg 1606–1666
  • Maria Klara Theresia of Wartenberg 1608–1635

He is buried in the cathedral in Munich, Bavaria.[5]

His surviving siblings were

Ancestry

Citations
  1. M. A. Katritzky, The Art of Commedia, 2006. p. 56. google books here Accessed 9 July 2009.
  2. Wilhelm also waied impatiently until his own son was "of age," abdicated in his son's favor, and retreated to a monastery for 30 years of reflection. Katritsky, p. 57.
  3. Katritsky, p. 57.
  4. Johannes Janssen, M. A. Mitchell, History of the German people at the close of the middle ages, 1905 Google books. Accessed 9 July 2009.
  5. Ferdinand's genealogy here
  6. Rall, Hans (1953), "Albrecht IV.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 157; (full text online)
  7. Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von (1897), "Wilhelm IV.", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 705–717
  8. Rall, Hans (1953), "Albrect III.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 156; (full text online)
  9. Goetz, Walter (1953), "Albrecht V.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160; (full text online)
  10. Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Friedrich V. der Friedfertige" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 265 – via Wikisource.
  11. Brüning, Rainer (2001), "Philipp I.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 372; (full text online)
  12. Dotterweich, Helmut (1962). Der junge Maximilian: Jugend und Erziehung des bayerischen Herzogs und späteren Kurfürsten Maximilian I. von 1573 bis 1593 [The Young Maximilian: Youth and Education of the Bavarian Duke and Later Elector Maximilian I from 1573 to 1593]. R. Pflaum. p. 188.
  13. Philip I, King of Castile at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  15. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  16. Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
  17. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Joanna" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  18. Casimir IV, King of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  19. Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953), "Anna Jagjello", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299; (full text online)
  20. Noubel, P., ed. (1877). Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais] (in French). 4. Société des sciences, lettres et arts d'Agen. p. 497.
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