Fluoronium

Fluoronium
Ball-and-stick model of fluoronium	Spacefill model of fluoronium
Names
	IUPAC name Fluoronium
	Systematic IUPAC name Fluoranium
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:50314 ;
ChemSpider	19122106 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/FH2/h1H2/q+1 Key: YNESUKSMQODWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/FH2/h1H2/q+1 Key: YNESUKSMQODWNS-UHFFFAOYAK;
	SMILES [FH2+];
Properties
Chemical formula	H2F+
Molar mass	21.01374 g mol−1
Conjugate base	Hydrogen fluoride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

The fluoronium ion is an inorganic cation with the chemical formula H
₂F⁺
. It is one of the cations found in fluoroantimonic acid.[1] The structure of the salt with the Sb
₂F⁻
₁₁ anion, has been determined.[2][3] The fluoronium ion is isoelectronic with the water molecule and the azanide ion.

The term can also refer to organyl substituted species of type H–F⁺–R, R–F⁺–R, or R₂C=F⁺. In contrast to the heavier halogens, which have long been known to form open-chain halonium ions (e.g., Me₂X⁺SbF₆^–) as well as cyclic haliranium ions, fluorine was not believed to form fluoronium ions of type R–F⁺–R until the recent characterization of a fluoronium ion locked in a designed cage structure by Lectka and coworkers.[4]

References

A C_s-symmetrical fluoronium ion characterized by Lectka and coworkers

Esteves, Pierre M.; Ramírez-Solís, Alejandro; Mota, Claudio J. A. (March 2002). "The Nature of Superacid Electrophilic Species in HF/SbF5: A Density Functional Theory Study". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (11): 2672–2677. doi:10.1021/ja011151k. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 11890818.
Mootz, Dietrich; Bartmann, Klemens (1988). "The Fluoronium Ions H₂F⁺ and H₃F₂⁺: Characterization by Crystal Structure Analysis". Angewandte Chemie. 27 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1002/anie.198803911.
Diercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P. (1973). "SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH⁺
₂ and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH". Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta). 31 (3): 205–214. doi:10.1007/BF00526510.
Pitts, Cody Ross; Holl, Maxwell Gargiulo; Lectka, Thomas (2018-02-12). "Spectroscopic Characterization of a [C−F−C] + Fluoronium Ion in Solution". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (7): 1924–1927. doi:10.1002/anie.201712021.

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[1] Esteves, Pierre M.; Ramírez-Solís, Alejandro; Mota, Claudio J. A. (March 2002). "The Nature of Superacid Electrophilic Species in HF/SbF5: A Density Functional Theory Study". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (11): 2672–2677. doi:10.1021/ja011151k. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 11890818.

[2] Mootz, Dietrich; Bartmann, Klemens (1988). "The Fluoronium Ions H₂F⁺ and H₃F₂⁺: Characterization by Crystal Structure Analysis". Angewandte Chemie. 27 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1002/anie.198803911.

[3] Diercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P. (1973). "SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH⁺
₂ and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH". Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta). 31 (3): 205–214. doi:10.1007/BF00526510.

[4] Pitts, Cody Ross; Holl, Maxwell Gargiulo; Lectka, Thomas (2018-02-12). "Spectroscopic Characterization of a [C−F−C] + Fluoronium Ion in Solution". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (7): 1924–1927. doi:10.1002/anie.201712021.