Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry

Frederick William Robert Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry KP PC (1805–1872), styled Viscount Castlereagh from 1822 to 1854, was a British nobleman and Tory politician. He was briefly Vice-Chamberlain of the Household under Sir Robert Peel between December 1834 and April 1835.

Frederick William Robert Stewart
Marquess of Londonderry
Portrait by Simon Jacques Rochard, 1833
Reign	1854–1872
Predecessor	Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of L.
Successor	George, 5th Marquess of L.
Born	7 July 1805 Grosvenor Sq., Mayfair, London
Died	25 November 1872 White Rock Pavilion, Hastings
Buried	Newtownards Priory
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Frances Jocelyn
Father	Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of L.
Mother	Catherine Bligh

Background and education

Frederick Stewart was born on 7 July 1805 at Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London.[1] He was the only child of Charles Stewart and his first wife Catherine Bligh. His father would become the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry but was at the time only the second son of Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry. His father's family was Ulster-Scots. Frederick's mother was the fourth and youngest daughter of John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley.[2]

He was his father's only son from his first marriage. His mother died in 1812 when he was seven while his father was serving in the army in the Peninsular War. His father remarried seven years later in 1819 and Frederick's half-siblings were born.

He was the only child of his parents but had younger half-siblings:

1. Frederick William Robert Stewart (1805–1872).

Frederick's half-siblings

George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest (1821–1884), 5th Marquess; Frances Anne Emily Vane (1822–1899), married John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough; Alexandrina Octavia Maria Vane (1823–1874), godchild of Alexander I of Russia, married Henry Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington; Adolphus Frederick Charles William Vane-Tempest (1825–1864), politician, became insane, and had to be medically restrained; Adelaide Emelina Caroline Vane (c. 1830 – 1882), disgraced the family by eloping with her brother's tutor, Rev. Frederick Henry Law; and Ernest McDonnell Vane-Tempest (1836–1885), fell in with a press-gang and had to be bought a commission in the army, from which he was then cashiered.

Family tree

Frederick Stewart with wife, parents, and other selected relatives. His marriage was childless. Sarah Frances Seymour 1747–1770 Robert 1st Marquess 1739–1821 Frances Pratt c. 1751 – 1833 Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh Amelia Hobart 1772–1829 Catherine Bligh d. 1812 Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 Frances Vane 1800–1865 Frederick 4th Marquess 1805–1872 Elizabeth Jocelyn 1813–1884 George 5th Marquess 1821–1884 Mary Edwards d. 1906 Charles 6th Marquess 1852–1915 Theresa Talbot d. 1919 Legend XXX Frederick Stewart XXX Marquesses of Londonderry First wife on the left, second on the right. Also see the list of siblings in the text.

Frederick was looked after by his uncle and aunt, Lord and Lady Castlereagh. He went to Eton in 1814, where he stayed until 1820. After his father succeeded to the marquessate of Londonderry in 1822, Frederick Stewart became known by the courtesy title Viscount Castlereagh, which was to be his title for 32 years until 1854.

Frederick Stewart at Mount Sinai in May 1842

Political career

He served under the Duke of Wellington as a Lord of the Admiralty from 1828 to 1830 and under Sir Robert Peel as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from December 1834[3] to April 1835. On 23 February 1835 he was sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.[4]

He was one of the Members of Parliament for County Down from 1826 until 1852.[5][6]

From 1845 until 1864 he was Lord Lieutenant of Down. In 1856 he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.

Frederick Stewart as Marquess of Londonderry. The background on the left shows the view from Mount Stewart over the Strangford Lough on Scrabo Hill with its tower.

Personal life

In 1838, Count Gérard de Melcy, the husband of the Italian operatic singer Giulia Grisi, discovered a letter written to Giulia by Frederick Stewart, and the two men fought a duel on 16 June of that year. Lord Castlereagh was wounded in the wrist; the Count was uninjured. After the duel, Grisi left her husband and began an affair with Lord Castlereagh. Their son, George Frederick Ormsby (1838–1901), was born in November 1838 and brought up by his father.

By 1852, he "had fallen out with his father, the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry over their views on the land question [and] was obliged to retire because of these differences".[7]

Frederick Stewart married Lady Elizabeth Frances Charlotte Jocelyn, widow of Viscount Powerscourt and daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden, at the British Embassy in Paris on 2 May 1846. There were no children from the marriage. In 1855 his wife converted to Roman Catholicism.[8]

He succeeded his father in 1854 as the 4th Marquess of Londonderry. He built Scrabo Tower as a monument to the memory of his father.[9] In 1857 he and his wife attended the ceremony of the laying of the foundation stone.[10]

Arms of the 4th Marquess of Londonderry[11]

Decline, death and succession

In 1862 Londonderry was diagnosed as mentally ill. He was secluded in an mental institution at White Rock Pavilion in Hastings.[12][lower-alpha 1] He died there on 25 November 1872, aged 67 and was buried in the Newtownards Priory. His wife, the dowager Marchioness of Londonderry died on 2 September 1884, aged 70, and was buried with him in the double grave in Newtownards Priory.

As he had no legitimate children, he was succeeded in the marquessate by his half-brother, George Vane-Tempest, 2nd Earl Vane. This had the effect that the fortunes of the Stewart and the Vane side of the Londonderry family were reunited in a single hand.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry

16. Colonel William Stewart, of Ballylawn 8. Alexander Stewart, of Mount Stewart 17. Frances Stewart 4. Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry 18. John Cowan 9. Mary Cowan 19. Anne Stewart 2. Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry 20. Sir John Pratt 10. Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden 21. Elizabeth Wilson 5. Lady Frances Pratt 22. Nicholas Jeffreys 11. Elizabeth Jeffreys 1. Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry 24. Thomas Bligh 12. John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley 25. Elizabeth Napier 6. John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley 26. Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon 13. Theodosia Hyde, 10th Baroness Clifton 27. Katherine O'Brien, 8th Baroness Clifton 3. Lady Catherine Bligh 14. John Stoyte 7. Mary Stoyte 15. Mary Howard

Notes and References

1. This was almost certainly White Rock Villa as the White Rock Pavilion, now called the White Rock Theatre, was not built until 1927.

1. Cokayne 1893, p. 133, line 12: "[Frederick was] b. 7 July 1805, in South street, Grosvenor sq.;"
2. Cokayne 1893, p. 132, line: "He [his father] m. firstly, 8 Aug. 1804, at St. Geo. Han. sq., Catherine, 4th da. of Johm [BLIGH], 3d EARL OF DARNLEY [I.] ..."
3. "No. 19225". The London Gazette. 30 December 1834. p. 2348.
4. "No. 19243". The London Gazette. 24 February 1835. p. 334.
5. Cokayne 1893, p. 133, line 14: "M.P. for co. Down (26 years) 1826–1852;"
6. House of Commons 1878, p. [ 313]: "Frederick Stewart, commonly called Lord Viscount Castlereagh / 8 July 1826 / Down County"
7. Brian Walker, 'Landowners and Parliamentary Elections in County Down, 1801–1921' PP 307–8 in Lindsay Proudfoot, 'Down – History and Society', Geography Publications, 1997
8. Gordon-Gorman 1899, p. 140: "Londondery, The late Elizabeth, fourth Marchioness of, daughter of the third Earl of Roden."
9. Hyde 1979, p. 50: "At the same time her husband constructed the great tower on Scrabo Hill overlooking the town in his father's memory."
10. "Memorial To The Late Marquis Of Londonderry". The Illustrated London News (March 28, 1857). p. 300.
11. Burke 1869, p. 703Coat of Arms
12. Fleming 2005, p. 10: "The fourth Marquess spent the last decade of his life suffering from mental illness."

• Burke, John (1869), A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (31st ed.), London: Harrison
• Cokayne, George Edward (1893), The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, 5 (1st ed.), London: George Bell and Sons – L to M
• Fleming, N. C. (2005), Marquess of Londonderry: Aristocracy, Power and Politics in Britain and Ireland, London: I B Tauris, ISBN 1-85043-726-2
• Gordon-Gorman, William James (1899), Converts to Rome (4th ed.), London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co
• Hyde, Harford Montgomery (1979), The Londonderrys - A Family Portrait, London: Hamish Hamilton, ISBN 0241101530
• House of Commons (1878), "Members of Parliament", Parliamentary Papers, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 62

External links

• Genealogy of Frederick William Robert Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry on The Peerage website
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Londonderry