GEM (gene)

GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.[4][5][6]

GEM
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2CJW, 2G3Y, 2HT6
Identifiers
Aliases	GEM, KIR, GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle
External IDs	OMIM: 600164 MGI: 99844 HomoloGene: 38024 GeneCards: GEM
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8q22.1 Start 94,249,253 bp[1] End 94,262,350 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • GTP binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • magnesium ion binding • calmodulin binding • GDP binding • GTPase activity • calcium channel regulator activity Cellular component • spindle midzone • cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane • cell membrane • midbody • mitotic spindle • cell nucleus • membrane Biological process • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • metaphase plate congression • chromosome organization • immune response • signal transduction • GO:0007067 mitotic cell cycle • negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2669	14579
Ensembl	ENSG00000164949	ENSMUSG00000028214
UniProt	P55040	P55041
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_181702 NM_005261	NM_010276
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005252 NP_859053	NP_034406
Location (UCSC)	Chr 8: 94.25 – 94.26 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	[3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RAD/GEM family of GTP-binding proteins. It is associated with the inner face of the plasma membrane and could play a role as a regulatory protein in receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164949 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Maguire J, Santoro T, Jensen P, Siebenlist U, Yewdell J, Kelly K (Aug 1994). "Gem: an induced, immediate early protein belonging to the Ras family". Science. 265 (5169): 241–4. doi:10.1126/science.7912851. PMID 7912851.
5. Ward Y, Yap SF, Ravichandran V, Matsumura F, Ito M, Spinelli B, Kelly K (Apr 2002). "The GTP binding proteins Gem and Rad are negative regulators of the Rho-Rho kinase pathway". J Cell Biol. 157 (2): 291–302. doi:10.1083/jcb.200111026. PMC 2199248. PMID 11956230.
6. "Entrez Gene: GEM GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle".

Further reading

• Cohen L, Mohr R, Chen YY, et al. (1995). "Transcriptional activation of a ras-like gene (kir) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12448–52. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12448. PMC 45455. PMID 7809057.
• Santoro T, Maguire J, McBride OW, et al. (1997). "Chromosomal organization and transcriptional regulation of human GEM and localization of the human and mouse GEM loci encoding an inducible Ras-like protein". Genomics. 30 (3): 558–64. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1277. PMID 8825643.
• Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR (1997). "Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 11832–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832. PMID 9115241.
• Béguin P, Nagashima K, Gonoi T, et al. (2001). "Regulation of Ca2+ channel expression at the cell surface by the small G-protein kir/Gem". Nature. 411 (6838): 701–6. doi:10.1038/35079621. PMID 11395774. S2CID 4382776.
• Aresta S, de Tand-Heim MF, Béranger F, de Gunzburg J (2003). "A novel Rho GTPase-activating-protein interacts with Gem, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases". Biochem. J. 367 (Pt 1): 57–65. doi:10.1042/BJ20020829. PMC 1222866. PMID 12093360.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
• Kelly K (2006). "The RGK family: a regulatory tail of small GTP-binding proteins". Trends Cell Biol. 15 (12): 640–3. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.10.002. PMID 16242932.
• Opatowsky Y, Sasson Y, Shaked I, et al. (2006). "Structure-function studies of the G-domain from human gem, a novel small G-protein". FEBS Lett. 580 (25): 5959–64. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.067. PMC 1934412. PMID 17052716.
• Splingard A, Ménétrey J, Perderiset M, et al. (2007). "Biochemical and structural characterization of the gem GTPase". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (3): 1905–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M604363200. PMID 17107948.