GMP synthase

Guanosine monophosphate synthetase, (EC 6.3.5.2) also known as GMPS is an enzyme that converts xanthosine monophosphate to guanosine monophosphate.[6]

GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)
GMP synthetase, human
Identifiers
EC number	6.3.5.2
CAS number	37318-71-1
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

GMP synthetase C terminal domain
escherichia coli gmp synthetase complexed with amp and pyrophosphate.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol	GMP_synt_C
Pfam	PF00958
InterPro	IPR001674
PROSITE	PDOC00405
SCOP2	1gpm / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

GMPS
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2VPI, 2VXO
Identifiers
Aliases	GMPS, GMP synthase, guanine monophosphate synthase, GATD7, GMP synthase
External IDs	OMIM: 600358 MGI: 2448526 HomoloGene: 68367 GeneCards: GMPS
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[2] Band 3q25.31 Start 155,870,650 bp[2] End 155,944,020 bp[2]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)[3] Band 3|3 E1 Start 63,976,106 bp[3] End 64,022,579 bp[3]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • ligase activity • pyrophosphatase activity • ATP binding • GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity • GMP synthase activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol Biological process • purine nucleotide biosynthetic process • glutamine metabolic process • purine nucleobase biosynthetic process • purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process • GMP biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8833	229363
Ensembl	ENSG00000163655	ENSMUSG00000027823
UniProt	P49915	Q3THK7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003875	NM_001033300
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003866	NP_001028472
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 155.87 – 155.94 Mb	Chr 3: 63.98 – 64.02 Mb
PubMed search	[4]	[5]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

In the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, IMP is the branch point metabolite at which point the pathway diverges to the synthesis of either guanine or adenine nucleotides. In the guanine nucleotide pathway, there are 2 enzymes involved in converting IMP to GMP, namely IMP dehydrogenase (IMPD1), which catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP, and GMP synthetase, which catalyzes the amination of XMP to GMP.[6]

Enzymology

In enzymology, a GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + L-glutamine + H₂O ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, xanthosine 5'-phosphate, L-glutamine, and H₂O, whereas its 4 products are AMP, diphosphate, GMP, and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthosine-5'-phosphate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing), guanylate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing), guanosine monophosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing), xanthosine 5'-phosphate amidotransferase, and guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism. At least one compound, Psicofuranin is known to inhibit this enzyme.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1GPM, 1WL8, 2A9V, 2D7J, and 2DPL.

References

1. Tesmer JJ, Klem TJ, Deras ML, Davisson VJ, Smith JL (January 1996). "The crystal structure of GMP synthetase reveals a novel catalytic triad and is a structural paradigm for two enzyme families". Nature Structural Biology. 3 (1): 74–86. doi:10.1038/nsb0196-74. PMID 8548458. S2CID 30864133.
2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163655 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027823 - Ensembl, May 2017
4. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
6. "Entrez Gene: GMPS guanine monphosphate synthetase".

Further reading

• Page T, Bakay B, Nyhan WL (1984). "Human GMP synthetase". The International Journal of Biochemistry. 16 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1016/0020-711X(84)90061-2. PMID 6698284.
• Nakamura J, Straub K, Wu J, Lou L (October 1995). "The glutamine hydrolysis function of human GMP synthetase. Identification of an essential active site cysteine". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (40): 23450–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.40.23450. PMID 7559506.
• Nakamura J, Lou L (March 1995). "Biochemical characterization of human GMP synthetase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (13): 7347–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.13.7347. PMID 7706277.
• Hirst M, Haliday E, Nakamura J, Lou L (September 1994). "Human GMP synthetase. Protein purification, cloning, and functional expression of cDNA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (38): 23830–7. PMID 8089153.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Fedorova L, Kost-Alimova M, Gizatullin RZ, Alimov A, Zabarovska VI, Szeles A, et al. (1997). "Assignment and ordering of twenty-three unique NotI-linking clones containing expressed genes including the guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase gene to human chromosome 3". European Journal of Human Genetics. 5 (2): 110–6. doi:10.1159/000484744. PMID 9195163.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Pegram LD, Megonigal MD, Lange BJ, Nowell PC, Rowley JD, Rappaport EF, Felix CA (December 2000). "t(3;11) translocation in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia fuses MLL with the GMPS (GUANOSINE 5' MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE) gene". Blood. 96 (13): 4360–2. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.13.4360. PMID 11110714.
• Guo D, Han J, Adam BL, Colburn NH, Wang MH, Dong Z, et al. (December 2005). "Proteomic analysis of SUMO4 substrates in HEK293 cells under serum starvation-induced stress". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 337 (4): 1308–18. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.191. PMID 16236267.
• Abrams R, Bentley M (1959). "Biosynthesis of nucleic acid purines. III. Guanosine 5'-phosphate formation from xanthosine 5'-phosphate and L-glutamine". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 79: 91–110. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(59)90383-2.
• Lagerkvist U (July 1958). "Biosynthesis of guanosine 5'-phosphate. II. Amination of xanthosine 5'-phosphate by purified enzyme from pigeon liver". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 233 (1): 143–9. PMID 13563458.

External links

• GMP+synthetase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]