Government of the 32nd Dáil

There were two Governments of the 32nd Dáil, which was elected at the general election held on 26 February 2016. The 30th Government of Ireland (6 May 2016 to 14 June 2017) was led by Enda Kenny as Taoiseach and the 31st Government of Ireland (14 June 2017 to 27 June 2020) was led by Leo Varadkar as Taoiseach. They were minority governments with Fine Gael and Independent TDs at cabinet, reliant on the support of other Independent TDs, and a confidence and supply arrangement with Fianna Fáil. It was the first time Fine Gael had returned to government after a general election, and the succession of Varadkar as Taoiseach in 2017 was the first time a Fine Gael leader had succeeded a party colleague as Taoiseach within a Dáil term.[1]

The general election for the 33rd Dáil took place on 8 February 2020. The members of the 33rd Dáil met for the first time on 20 February 2020. Leo Varadkar was proposed as Taoiseach, and was defeated, but no other candidate was successfully nominated. Varadkar tendered his resignation to the president, but the members of the 31st Government continued to carry out their duties until their successors were appointed on 27 July 2020.

The 30th Government lasted 404 days. The 31st Government lasted 981 days from its appointment until its resignation on 20 February 2020, and continued to carry out its duties for a further 128 days until the appointment of its successor.

30th Government of Ireland

30th Government of Ireland
Date formed6 May 2016
Date dissolved14 June 2017
People and organisations
PresidentMichael D. Higgins
TaoiseachEnda Kenny
TánaisteFrances Fitzgerald
No. of ministers15
Member partiesFine Gael
Independents
Status in legislatureMinority coalition
Opposition cabinetThird Martin front bench
Opposition partyFianna Fáil
Opposition leaderMicheál Martin
History
Election(s)2016 general election
Legislature term(s)32nd Dáil
25th Seanad
Budget(s)2017
Incoming formation2016 government formation
Predecessor29th Government
Successor31st Government

Nomination of Taoiseach

The members of the 32nd Dáil first met on 10 March 2016. In debate on the nomination of Taoiseach, four candidates were proposed. None of the motions proposing these candidates were successful.[2] Fine Gael leader and outgoing Taoiseach Enda Kenny resigned as Taoiseach, with the government continuing in a caretaker capacity to carry out its duties until its successors would be appointed.[3] On 6 April and 14 April, further votes were taken on proposals to nominate candidates for the position of Taoiseach, with no candidate successful.[4][5] On 6 May, a motion proposing Enda Kenny for appointment as Taoiseach was approved by the Dáil.[6] Kenny was then appointed as Taoiseach by President Michael D. Higgins.[7]

6 May 2016
Nomination of Enda Kenny (FG) as Taoiseach
[8]
Motion proposed by Noel Rock and seconded by Catherine Byrne
Absolute majority: 79/158
Vote Parties Votes
Y YesFine Gael (50), Independent (9)
59 / 158
NoSinn Féin (23), Labour Party (7), Anti-Austerity Alliance–People Before Profit (6),
Independents 4 Change (4), Social Democrats (3), Workers and Unemployed Action (1), Independents (5)
49 / 158
Not votingFianna Fáil (43), Green Party (2), Independent (4), Ceann Comhairle (1)
50 / 158

Members of the Government

After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Enda Kenny proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil.[7] They were appointed by the president on the same day.[9]

Office Name Party
Taoiseach Enda Kenny Fine Gael
Minister for Defence
Tánaiste Frances Fitzgerald
Minister for Justice and Equality
Minister for Finance Michael Noonan
Minister for Education and Skills Richard Bruton
Minister for Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government[lower-alpha 1] Simon Coveney
Minister for Social Protection Leo Varadkar
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Charles Flanagan
Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Paschal Donohoe
Minister for Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs[lower-alpha 2] Heather Humphreys
Minister for Health Simon Harris
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Michael Creed
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment[lower-alpha 3] Denis Naughten Independent
Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport Shane Ross
Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation Mary Mitchell O'Connor Fine Gael
Minister for Children and Youth Affairs Katherine Zappone Independent
Changes to Departments
  1. On 23 July 2016 the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government was renamed the Department of Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government.[10]
  2. On 7 July 2016 the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht was renamed the Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.[11]
  3. On 23 July 2016 the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources was renamed the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment.[12]

Attorney General

Máire Whelan SC was appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach.[7][9]

Ministers of State

On 6 May 2016, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed Regina Doherty, Paul Kehoe and Finian McGrath as Ministers of State in attendance at cabinet but without a vote.[7][9] On 19 May 2016, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed 15 further Ministers of State.[13][14]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party Term
Regina Doherty
(In attendance at cabinet)
Taoiseach Government Chief Whip Fine Gael 2016–2017
Paul Kehoe
(In attendance at cabinet)
Taoiseach
Defence
Defence Fine Gael 2016–2017
Finian McGrath
(In attendance at cabinet)
Health
Justice and Equality
Social Protection
Disability Issues Independent 2016–2017
Seán Kyne Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs
Communications, Climate Action and Environment
Gaeltacht Affairs and Natural Resources Fine Gael 2016–2017
Damien English Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government Housing and Urban Renewal Fine Gael 2016–2017
Dara Murphy Taoiseach
Foreign Affairs and Trade
Justice and Equality
European Affairs, Data Protection
and the EU Single Digital Market
Fine Gael 2016–2017
Eoghan Murphy Finance
Public Expenditure and Reform
Financial Services, eGovernment
and Public Procurement
Fine Gael 2016–2017
Patrick O'Donovan Transport, Tourism and Sport Tourism and Sport Fine Gael 2016–2017
Andrew Doyle Agriculture, Food and the Marine Food, Forestry and Horticulture Fine Gael 2016–2017
Pat Breen Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation Employment and Small Business Fine Gael 2016–2017
John Halligan Education and Skills
Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation
Training and Skills Independent 2016–2017
Helen McEntee Health Mental Health and Older People Fine Gael 2016–2017
Marcella Corcoran Kennedy Health Health Promotion Fine Gael 2016–2017
David Stanton Justice and Equality Equality, Immigration, and Integration Fine Gael 2016–2017
Seán Canney Public Expenditure and Reform Office of Public Works and Flood Relief Independent 2016–2017
Joe McHugh Taoiseach
Foreign Affairs and Trade
Diaspora and Overseas Development Aid Fine Gael 2016–2017
Michael Ring Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs Regional Economic Development Fine Gael 2016–2017
Catherine Byrne Health
Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government
Communities and the National Drugs Strategy Fine Gael 2016–2017

3 June 2017

Change in accordance with shared ministry deal between Kevin "Boxer" Moran and Seán Canney[15]

Kevin "Boxer" Moran Public Expenditure and Reform Office of Public Works
and Flood Relief
Independent 2017

Confidence in the government

On 15 February 2017, a motion of confidence in the government proposed by Taoiseach Enda Kenny was approved with 57 votes in favour to 52 against and 44 registered abstentions.[16]

Resignation

On 17 May 2017, Enda Kenny resigned as leader of Fine Gael. Leo Varadkar succeeded him as leader in a party leadership election concluding on 2 June. On 13 June, Kenny resigned as Taoiseach.[17]

31st Government of Ireland

31st Government of Ireland
Date formed14 June 2017
Date dissolved27 June 2020
People and organisations
PresidentMichael D. Higgins
TaoiseachLeo Varadkar
TánaisteFrances Fitzgerald (2017)
Simon Coveney (2017–20)
No. of ministers15
Member partiesFine Gael
Independents
Status in legislatureMinority coalition
Opposition cabinetThird Martin front bench
Opposition partyFianna Fáil
Opposition leaderMicheál Martin
History
Legislature term(s)32nd Dáil
25th Seanad
Budget(s)2018, 2019, 2020
Predecessor30th Government
Successor32nd Government

Nomination of Taoiseach

After the resignation of Enda Kenny as Taoiseach on the previous day, on 14 June 2017, Leo Varadkar was proposed for the nomination of the Dáil for the position of Taoiseach.[18] This motion was approved and Varadkar was appointed by President Michael D. Higgins.[19] Varadkar was the first Fine Gael leader to succeed a party colleague as Taoiseach within a Dáil term.

14 June 2017
Nomination of Leo Varadkar (FG) as Taoiseach
[20]
Motion proposed by Enda Kenny and seconded by Josepha Madigan
Absolute majority: 79/158
Vote Parties Votes
Y YesFine Gael (50), Independents (7)
57 / 158
NoSinn Féin (23), Labour Party (7), Solidarity–People Before Profit (5), Independents 4 Change (4), Green Party (2), Social Democrats (2), Workers and Unemployed Action (1), Independents (5)
50 / 158
AbstainFianna Fáil (41), Independents (4)
45 / 158
Absent or
Not Voting
Fianna Fáil (3), Solidarity–People Before Profit (1), Independent (1), Ceann Comhairle (1)
6 / 158

Members of the Government

After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Leo Varadkar proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil.[19] They were appointed by the president on the same day.[21]

Office Name Term Party
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar 2017–2020 Fine Gael
Minister for Defence
Tánaiste Frances Fitzgerald 2017[22]
Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation[lower-alpha 1]
Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe 2017–2020
Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform
Minister for Education and Skills Richard Bruton
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Simon Coveney
Minister for Justice and Equality Charles Flanagan
Minister for Health Simon Harris
Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht[lower-alpha 2] Heather Humphreys 2017
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Michael Creed 2017–2020
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment Denis Naughten 2017–2018 Independent
Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport Shane Ross 2017–2020
Minister for Children and Youth Affairs Katherine Zappone
Minister for Rural and Community Development[lower-alpha 3] Michael Ring Fine Gael
Minister for Employment Affairs and Social Protection[lower-alpha 4] Regina Doherty
Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government[lower-alpha 5] Eoghan Murphy

Changes 30 November 2017

Following the resignation of Frances Fitzgerald on 28 November.[28][29][30]

Office Name Term Party
Tánaiste Simon Coveney 2017–2020 Fine Gael
Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation Heather Humphreys
Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht Josepha Madigan

Changes 11 October 2018

Following the resignation of Denis Naughten.[31][32]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment Richard Bruton 2018–2020 Fine Gael
Minister for Education and Skills Joe McHugh
Changes to Departments
  1. On 2 September 2017 the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation was renamed the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation.[23]
  2. On 1 August 2017 the Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs was renamed the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.[24]
  3. On 19 July 2017 the Department of Rural and Community Development was established on the enactment of the Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 2017.[25]
  4. On 2 September 2017 the Department of Social Protection was renamed the Department of Employment Affairs and Social Protection.[26]
  5. On 1 August 2017, the Department of Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government was renamed the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government.[27]

Attorney General

Séamus Woulfe SC was appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach.[19][21]

Ministers of State

On 14 June 2017, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed Joe McHugh, Mary Mitchell O'Connor, Paul Kehoe and Finian McGrath as Ministers of State in attendance at cabinet but without a vote.[19] On 20 June, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed 15 further Ministers of State.[21]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party Term
Joe McHugh
(In attendance at cabinet)
Taoiseach
Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
Government Chief Whip and
Gaeilge, Gaeltacht and the Islands
Fine Gael 2017–2018
Mary Mitchell O'Connor
(In attendance at cabinet)
Education and Skills Higher Education Fine Gael 2017–2020
Paul Kehoe
(In attendance at cabinet)
Taoiseach
Defence
Defence Fine Gael 2017–2020
Finian McGrath
(In attendance at cabinet)
Health
Justice and Equality
Employment Affairs and Social Protection
Disability Issues Independent 2017–2020
Helen McEntee Foreign Affairs and Trade European Affairs Fine Gael 2017–2020
Patrick O'Donovan Finance
Public Expenditure and Reform
Public Procurement,
Open Government
and eGovernment
Fine Gael 2017–2020
Michael D'Arcy Finance
Public Expenditure and Reform
Financial Services and Insurance Fine Gael 2017–2020
Ciarán Cannon Foreign Affairs and Trade Diaspora and International Development Fine Gael 2017–2020
Jim Daly Health Mental Health and Older People Fine Gael 2017–2020
Brendan Griffin Transport, Tourism and Sport Tourism and Sport Fine Gael 2017–2020
John Paul Phelan Housing, Planning and Local Government Local Government and Electoral Reform Fine Gael 2017–2020
Catherine Byrne Health Health Promotion and
National Drugs Strategy
Fine Gael 2017–2020
Pat Breen Business, Enterprise and Innovation
Employment Affairs and Social Protection
Taoiseach
Justice and Equality
Trade, Employment, Business,
EU Digital Single Market
and Data Protection
Fine Gael 2017–2020
Seán Kyne Rural and Community Development
Communications, Climate Action and Environment
Natural Resources,
Community Affairs
and Digital Development
Fine Gael 2017–2018
John Halligan Education and Skills
Business, Enterprise and Innovation
Training, Skills, Innovation,
Research and Development
Independent 2017–2020
Andrew Doyle Agriculture, Food and the Marine Food, Forestry and Horticulture Fine Gael 2017–2020
Damien English Housing, Planning and Local Government Housing and Urban Development Fine Gael 2017–2020
Kevin "Boxer" Moran Public Expenditure and Reform Office of Public Works
and Flood Relief
Independent 2017–2020
David Stanton Justice and Equality Equality, Immigration and Integration Fine Gael 2017–2020

16 October 2018

Following the appointment of Joe McHugh to Cabinet.[32]

Seán Kyne
(In attendance at cabinet)
Taoiseach
Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
Government Chief Whip and
Gaeilge, Gaeltacht and the Islands
Fine Gael 2018–2020
Seán Canney Rural and Community Development
Communications, Climate Action and Environment
Natural Resources,
Community Affairs
and Digital Development
Independent 2018–2020

Constitutional referendums

The Thirty-sixth Amendment was proposed by Minister for Health Simon Harris and approved in a referendum on 25 May 2018. It replaced the protection of the right of the unborn with a clause allowing the termination of pregnancy to be regulated by law. It was followed by the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018.

The Thirty-seventh Amendment was proposed by Minister for Justice and Equality Charlie Flanagan and approved in a referendum on 26 October 2018. It removed the offence of blasphemy from the Constitution. It was followed by the Blasphemy (Abolition of Offences and Related Matters) Act 2019.

The Thirty-eighth Amendment had been proposed by Josepha Madigan as a private member's bill before her appointment to government, and proposed to reduce the waiting period for divorce. It was supported by the Minister for Justice and Equality, who amended it remove the reference to a required period of separation before divorce, and to regulate foreign divorce. It was approved in a referendum on 24 May 2019 and was followed by the Family Law Act 2019.

Confidence in the government

On 25 September 2018, a motion of no confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Eoghan Murphy proposed by Eoin Ó Broin for Sinn Féin was defeated, with 49 votes in favour to 59 votes against and 29 registered abstentions.[33]

On 20 February 2019, a motion of no confidence in the Minister for Health Simon Harris proposed by Louise O'Reilly for Sinn Féin was defeated, with 53 votes in favour to 58 votes against and 37 registered abstentions.[34]

On 3 December 2019, a motion of no confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Eoghan Murphy proposed by Catherine Murphy for the Social Democrats was defeated, with 53 votes in favour to 56 votes against and 35 registered abstentions.[35]

Dissolution and resignation

On 14 January, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar sought a dissolution of the Dáil which was granted by the president, with the new Dáil to convene on 20 February at 12 noon.[36][37] The general election took place on 8 February.

The members of the 33rd Dáil first met on 20 February. Leo Varadkar, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald and Green Party leader Eamon Ryan were each proposed for nomination as Taoiseach. None of the four motions were successful. Leo Varadkar announced that he would resign as Taoiseach but that under the provisions of Article 28.11 of the Constitution, the government would continue to carry out their duties until their successors are appointed.[38][39]

On 27 June, Micheál Martin was nominated by the Dáil for appointment as Taoiseach by the President.

Response to Covid-19

The government proposed two pieces of legislation in response to the coronavirus pandemic which were passed by the Oireachtas: the Health (Preservation and Protection and other Emergency Measures in the Public Interest) Act 2020, enacted on 20 March, and the Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (Covid-19) Act 2020, enacted on 27 March. Regulations were introduced by Minister for Health Simon Harris on 8 April, and extended on 10 April, and lasted until 5 May 2020.[40][41]

See also

References

  1. "Kenny secures second term as Taoiseach". RTÉ News. 6 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. "Nomination of Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Thursday, 10 March 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  3. "Resignation of Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 22 March 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  4. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Wednesday, 6 April 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  5. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Thursday, 14 April 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  6. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Friday, 6 May 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  7. "Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of the Government (Motion) – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Friday, 6 May 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  8. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 6 May 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  9. "Appointment of Ministers and Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 17 May 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  10. "Environment, Community and Local Government (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  11. "Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 5 July 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  12. "Communications, Energy and Natural Resources (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  13. "Appointment of Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Thursday, 19 May 2016". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  14. "Taoiseach announces Ministers of state". Merrion Street Irish Government Press Site. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  15. "Moran takes up ministerial role in coin-flip deal". 3 June 2017.
  16. "Confidence in Government: Motion – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 15 February 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  17. "Resignation of Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Wednesday, 14 June 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  18. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 14 June 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  19. "Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 14 June 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  20. "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 14 June 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  21. "Appointment of Members of Government and Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 20 June 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  22. "Taoiseach's Statement on the Resignation of the Tánaiste". Merrion Street. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  23. "Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  24. "Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  25. "Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 2017". Irish Statute Book. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  26. "Social Protection (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  27. "Housing, Planning, Community and Local Government (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2007". Irish Statute Book. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  28. "Appointment of Tánaiste: Statement by An Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) - Thursday, 30 November 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  29. "Nomination of Government Member: Motion – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) - Thursday, 30 November 2017". Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  30. "Taoiseach announces appointment of Tánaiste and Ministers of Government". Merrion Street. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  31. "Resignation of Minister: Statements – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Thursday, 11 October 2018". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  32. "Nomination of Government Member: Motion – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 16 October 2018". Houses of the Oireachtas. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  33. "Confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government: Motion [Private Members] – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 25 September 2018". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  34. "Confidence in Minister for Health: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 20 February 2019". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  35. "Confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government: Motion (Resumed) [Private Members] – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 3 December 2019". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  36. "President signs warrant for the dissolution of the 32nd Dáil". President of Ireland. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  37. "Forógra (Proclamation)" (PDF). Iris Oifigiúil (5): 90. 17 January 2020.
  38. Constitution of Ireland, Article 28.11.
  39. "Nomination of Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Thursday, 20 February 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  40. "Health Act 1947 (Section 31A -Temporary Restrictions) (Covid-19) Regulations 2020". 8 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  41. Daly, Adam (10 April 2020). "Coronavirus restrictions to remain in place until at least Tuesday 5 May, Taoiseach announces". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
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