Gregory Stanton

Gregory H. Stanton is the former Research Professor in Genocide Studies and Prevention at the George Mason University in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. He is best known for his work in the area of genocide studies. He is the founder and president of Genocide Watch,[1] the founder and director of the Cambodian Genocide Project,[2][3] and the Chair of the Alliance Against Genocide. From 2007 to 2009 he was the President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars.

For the U.S. Congressman, see Greg Stanton.

Early life and academic background

Stanton comes from the lineage of women's suffrage activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Henry Brewster Stanton, an anti-slavery leader. He worked as a voting rights worker in Mississippi, a Peace Corps Volunteer in the Ivory Coast, and as Church World Service/CARE Field Director in Cambodia in 1980.[4][5]

Stanton was the Research Professor in Genocide Studies and Prevention at the School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, until his retirement in 2019.[6] From 2003 to 2009 he was the James Farmer Professor in Human Rights at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia.[7] He has been a Law Professor at Washington and Lee University, American University, and the University of Swaziland. He has degrees from Oberlin College, Harvard Divinity School, Yale Law School, and a Doctorate in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Chicago. He was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2001–2002).[4]

Career

Stanton was a law professor at Washington and Lee University from 1985 to 1991, was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Swaziland, and was a professor of Justice, Law, and Society at the American University. From 2003 - 2009, he was the James Farmer Professor in Human Rights at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Stanton founded the Cambodian Genocide Project at Yale in 1981 and since then has been a driving force to bring the Khmer Rouge to justice.

Stanton was the Chair of the American Bar Association Young Lawyer's Division Committee on Human Rights and a member of the A.B.A.'s Standing Committee on World Order Under Law. Stanton was a legal advisor to Rukh, the Ukrainian independence movement (1988 - 1992), work for which he was named the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America's 1992 Man of the Year.

Stanton served in the State Department (1992–1999). At the State Department he drafted the United Nations Security Council resolutions that created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Burundi Commission of Inquiry, and the Central African Arms Flow Commission. He also drafted the U.N. Peacekeeping Operations resolutions that helped bring about an end to the Mozambique civil war. In 1994, Stanton won the American Foreign Service Association's W. Averell Harriman Award[8] for "extraordinary contributions to the practice of diplomacy exemplifying intellectual courage," based on his dissent from U.S. policy on the Rwandan genocide. [9]

Stanton wrote the State Department options paper on ways to bring the Khmer Rouge to justice in Cambodia. Stanton was deeply involved in the U.N.-Cambodian government negotiations that brought about the creation of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, for which he drafted internal rules of procedure.

Stanton is best known for his authorship of The Ten Stages of Genocide, a model of the genocidal process that the US State Department and UN have used in predicting and taking steps to prevent genocide. His Ten Stage model is used in courses on genocide in schools and colleges around the world.

In 1999 Stanton founded Genocide Watch.[10] From 1999 to 2000, he also served as Co-Chair of the Washington Working Group for the International Criminal Court.

In 2004, Dr. Stanton published a proposal to establish an Office for Genocide Prevention at the UN.[11] With other members of the International Campaign to End Genocide, he met with UN officials to lobby for the proposal. In 2004 in Stockholm, Secretary General Kofi Annan announced the creation of the Office of the UN Special Advisor for the Prevention of Genocide.[12]

In 2007, Stanton was elected President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, to serve until 2009.[13] He served as First Vice President of the Association from 2005 to 2007. In 2013, the organization gave Stanton its Distinguished Service Award and made him a Life Member.[14]

In 2012, Stanton called for the United States to release "all diplomatic and intelligence cables relating to the [Gukurahundi] massacres" of Zimbabwe and to explain the U.S. decision "to remain silent", in order to "clear its conscience".[15]

Genocide Watch

In 1999 Stanton founded Genocide Watch,[10] a non-governmental organization campaigning against genocide based in Washington, D.C..[16][17] Genocide Watch is the Chair and Coordinator of the Alliance Against Genocide, which includes 70 organizations in 24 countries, including the Minority Rights Group, the International Crisis Group, the Aegis Trust, and Survival International.[18] Its board of advisers includes former commander of United Nations peacekeeping forces in Rwanda Roméo Dallaire, former Nuremberg Prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz, former US Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power.[19],and former UN Special Adviser for the Prevention of Genocide Adama Dieng.

Genocide Watch and the Alliance Against Genocide have led coalition efforts to end genocides in Kosovo, East Timor, Sudan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar; and to prevent imminent genocides in Macedonia, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ethiopia.

In 2010, Genocide Watch was the first[20] organization to assert that the 1980s Gukurahundi massacres in Zimbabwe met the definition of genocide, calling for the prosecution of Zimbabwean leaders including president Robert Mugabe.[21][22][23]

Stanton has formed alliances with dozens of human rights leaders, such as Baroness Kennedy, Geoffrey Nice and Luke de Pulford from the Coalition for Genocide Response.[24] In 2020, Genocide Watch joined other human rights groups urging the U.N. Human Rights Council (UNHRC) to investigate the actions of the Chinese government regarding Turkic Muslim minorities in the Xinjian region, and "develop strategies" to end Chinese acts of genocide against Uighurs.[25] In the case of Bosco Ntaganda within the International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Genocide Watch submitted amicus curiae observations[26] along with the Antiquities Coalition and Blue Shield International, on the interpretation of attacks on cultural property in the Rome Statute.[27]

Publications

Articles

References
  1. Genocide Watch
  2. "A Quest for Justice", Washington and Lee Alumni Magazine, September–October 1987.
  3. "His Brother's Keeper", Student Lawyer (American Bar Association), Vol. 11, No. 6, February 1983, pp. 23-34.
  4. "Biography, University of Mary Washington". Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. "The Call". Genocide Watch. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  6. Biography Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine at George Mason University website.
  7. "Stanton Leaves After Six Years As Professor of Human Rights". University of Mary Washington. 9 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
  8. "Previous Recipients". Afsa.org. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  9. Beaubien, Jason (20 December 2018). "Is Genocide Predictable? Researchers Say Absolutely". NPR. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  10. "Gregory Stanton". Genocide Watch. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  11. http://genocidewatch.org/createungenocidectr.html
  12. United Nations. "United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect". Un.org. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  13. "Past Boards | International Association of Genocide Scholars". Genocidescholars.org. 9 December 1948. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  14. "IAGS Award Winners | International Association of Genocide Scholars". Genocidescholars.org. 9 December 1948. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  15. Hill, Geoff (23 September 2019). "U.S. told to come clean about knowledge of 1980s Mugabe massacres in Zimbabwe". The Washington Times. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  16. Çakmak, Cenap (2007), "Genocide Watch", Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice, Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., doi:10.4135/9781412956215.n351, ISBN 978-1-4129-1812-1, retrieved 9 October 2020
  17. Totten, Samuel (2017). "4. The role of Nongovernmental Organizations in Addressing the Prevention, Intervention, and Punishment of Genocide in the 1980s, 1990s, and Early 2000s". Genocide at the millennium. Totten, Samuel,, Sherman, Marc I. Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-351-51784-3. OCLC 1013927872.
  18. "ALLIANCE MEMBERS". against-genocide.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  19. "Professor John Packer named to Genocide Watch Board of Advisors". Faculty of Law - Common Law Section. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  20. "Guku team turns focus on Horn of Africa". The Zimbabwean. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  21. "Gukurahundi noose tightens on Mugabe". The Zimbabwean. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  22. "Gukurahundi perpetrators face prosecution". NewsDay. 30 January 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  23. "Probe into Gukurahundi era begins". Daily News. 28 February 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  24. "StackPath". www.indcatholicnews.com. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  25. Kashgarian, Asim (17 September 2020). "Activists, Experts Call on UN to Recognize China's Uighur 'Genocide'". Voice of America. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  26. "Amicus Curiae Observations Pursuant to Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence on Behalf of the Antiquities Coalition, Blue Shield International and Genocide Watch" (PDF). icc-cpi.int. ICC-01/04-02/06. International Criminal Court. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  27. Karegeya, Portia (21 September 2020). "21 September 2020 - ICC AC receives amicus curiae briefs in Ntaganda case". ICL Media Review. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
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