Grosvenor Bridge (Chester)

The Grosvenor Bridge is a single-span stone arch road bridge crossing the River Dee at Chester, England. Located on the A483 Grosvenor Road (grid reference SJ402655), it was designed by Thomas Harrison and opened by Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld on 17 October 1832. The first traffic passed over it in November 1833.

Grosvenor Bridge
Oblique view of the Grosvenor Bridge, taken from the South bank of the river
Coordinates53°11′1″N 2°53′47″W
CrossesRiver Dee
LocaleChester
Heritage statusGrade I listed
Characteristics
DesignArch bridge
Height50 feet (15 m)
Longest span200 feet (61 m)
Location

At the time of its construction, the bridge was the longest single-span arch bridge in the world, a title that it retained for 30 years. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.[1]

Views upriver include Chester Castle and Handbridge, the impressive mansions of Curzon Park and the adjacent Roodee. Water levels of the tidal Dee vary significantly during the day.

History

Design

At the beginning of the 19th century, Chester only had one river crossing, a narrow medieval bridge at Handbridge, the Old Dee Bridge. Heavily congested, it delayed movement through the town. Building a new bridge was prohibitively expensive until Thomas Telford proposed a new road between Shrewsbury and the Irish ferries at Holyhead to facilitate trade between the two islands. The route would have bypassed Chester, greatly reducing the potential income from the lucrative Irish trade routes. A committee was appointed to consider plans for a new bridge to quicken movement across the city and encourage traders to continue to stop there.[2]

Chester was at the time a major shipbuilding city, and a very tall bridge was required to allow ships to pass underneath. A design by the architect Thomas Harrison featuring an arch 60 feet (18 m) high and 200 feet (61 m) wide was chosen. When constructed, it would be the largest arch in the world, described by chief builder James Trubshaw as "a lasting monument to the glory and superiority of Great Britain".[2] The arch is of limestone from Anglesey, the rest the bridge gritstone.[3] Its span remains the longest masonry arch in Britain.[4]

Construction

Original plans called for a bridge between Chester Castle and Wrexham Road. However, Harrison was concerned soft ground there would not support heavy piers. Telford found a drier area downstream and construction was moved there, requiring Wrexham Road to be deadended in one direction, the other leading to the bridge. The first stone was laid by the Marquess of Westminster on 1 October 1827.[2]

The unfinished bridge was formally opened by Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and her daughter, Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent (later Queen Victoria), who were driven through a triumphal arch staged on its roadway to a 21-gun salute on 17 October 1832. Construction was finally completed in November 1833, and a toll imposed to pay the £50,000 (equivalent to $4,780,000 in 2019)[5] construction costs, a large sum at the time. The toll proved harmful to trade and was abolished in 1885 when maintenance was transferred to the Chester Corporation.[2]

Harrison died two years into construction; his pupil William Cole completed the job.[6]

Photographs
  • Early morning shot of the Grosvenor bridge over the River Dee
  • The Grosvenor Bridge, viewed from the Roodee
  • After snowfall
  • Winter view
  • From the North bank of the River Dee in Winter
  • From the South bank of the River Dee in Winter
  • From Overleigh Cemetery in Winter
  • Summer view
  • In the evening
  • View from the south bank of the Dee, next to Overleigh cemetery
  • View of Curzon Park looking down-river from the bridge, showing the width of the Dee at this point. Photo taken in spring at high tide.
  • Same view in summer at low tide, looking down-river towards Curzon Park. The reduced water level is clearly visible.
  • Same view in winter, after snowfall
  • On New Year's Eve
  • From the south bank
  • Copper-plate engraving of the bridge soon after completion, showing the view up-river towards Handbridge
  • Early 19th-century print of the bridge looking Northwards into the city
  • Commemorative inscription on the bridge, providing details of its construction

See also

References
  1. Historic England, "Grosvenor Bridge, Chester (1375839)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 July 2012
  2. The Grosvenor Bridge, Black and White Picture Place, retrieved 10 December 2006
  3. Hartwell, Claire; Hyde, Matthew; Hubbard, Edward; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2011) [1971], Cheshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 250, ISBN 978-0-300-17043-6
  4. Skerton Bridge, Engineering Timelines, retrieved 30 November 2011
  5. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  6. Champness, John (2005), Thomas Harrison: Georgian Architect of Chester and Lancaster 1744–1829, Centre for North-West Regional Studies, University of Lancaster, pp. 125–127, ISBN 1-86220-169-2

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