Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop

Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop AO FAA is a professor of physics at the University of Queensland and an Officer of the Order of Australia.[1][2] She has led pioneering research in atom optics, laser micro-manipulation using optical tweezers, laser enhanced ionisation spectroscopy, biophysics and quantum physics.[3][4]

Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
Other namesHalina Rubinsztein
Alma materUniversity of Gothenburg
AwardsOrder of Australia (2018)
Scientific career
FieldsOptical Tweezers, Laser Physics, Biophysics, Quantum Optics
InstitutionsUniversity of Queensland
ThesisAtomic-beam magnetic resonance investigations of refractory elements and metastable states of lead
Websitehttps://people.smp.uq.edu.au/HalinaRubinsztein-Dunlop/

Early life

Halina Rubinsztein (later Rubinsztein-Dunlop) was born in Poland.[5] She emigrated to Sweden[1] where she obtained her BSc and PhD degree from the University of Gothenburg.[4] Rubinsztein-Dunlop was encouraged to be curious about the world by her mother, also a physicist. In an interview for SPIE, she credits her mother's guidance and enthusiasm for science: "she taught me to persist and to be inquisitive and to want to understand, and also - and I think this is what was important - she showed me that women can do it. It was infectious,"[6] She moved to Australia in 1989,[7] shortly after her marriage to engineer Gordon Dunlop.[1]

Career

Rubinsztein-Dunlop completed her PhD titled Atomic-beam magnetic resonance investigations of refractory elements and metastable states of lead at the University of Gothenburg in 1978.[8] After moving to Australia in 1989, Rubinsztein-Dunlop joined the Department of Physics at the University of Queensland where she formed a research group studying laser physics. In 1995, she helped establish a Science in Action program that was used for outreach in educational programs for schools.[9]

Rubinsztein-Dunlop was appointed Professor of physics in 2000.[1] She held the role of head of the department of physics as well as the head of the School of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Queensland from 2006–2013. She is the Director of the Quantum Science Laboratory and leads one of the scientific programs of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems. In 2011 she was a guest editor for the Journal of Optics on a special issue about optical tweezers, published by the Institute of Physics.[10]

In 2016 Rubinsztein-Dunlop was made Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.[3] She was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the Queen's 2018 Birthday Honours List for "distinguished service to laser physics and nano-optics as a researcher, mentor and academic, to the promotion of educational programs, and to women in science".[2][11][12]

During the 2018 international scientific conference SPIE, the Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XV programme held a special session honouring Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop.[13]

An Australian Museum Eureka Prize was awarded to the University of Queensland Optical Physics in Neuroscience team, consisting of Rubinsztein-Dunlop alongside Ethan Scott and Itia Favre-Bulle for their study of the brain and how it detects gravity and motion.[14] The full title of the award is the 2018 UNSW Eureka Prize for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Scientific Research.[15]

Research

Rubinsztein-Dunlop conducts research that harnesses the power of optics and lasers to explore quantum and biological phenomena. She has published over 200 works in journals and books[16] and has also been featured on radio and television. Rubinsztein-Dunlop is considered an originator of laser enhanced ionisation spectroscopy.[3]

Quantum Optics

Although her PhD involved looking at the hyperfine structure of atoms, she notes that her research was "not [using] the tiniest of the tiniest...I never worked with quarks or gluons...". She was however, fascinated by being able to interrogate nature at small level using light.[6] Her team successfully demonstrated dynamical tunnelling in a Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) using a modulated standing wave.[3] Rubinzstein-Dunlop's team has also observed dynamical tunnelling in quantum chaotic systems.[17] In 2016, Rubinsztein-Dunlop, along with Tyler Neely and Guillaume Gauthier, imprinted images of Einstein and Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose on a super-cold microscopic fluid, demonstrating a physics state predicted by Einstein and Bose in 1925 but first achieved in 1995.[18] The image is approximately 0.1mm by 0.1mm in size but with a surface 100 million times colder than interstellar space.[19]

Optical Micro-manipulation

Rubinsztein-Dunlop's research in laser micro-manipulation involves the use of optical tweezers to trap objects in three dimensions and exert optical forces onto them. As she explains in her own words, "Optical tweezers act like our normal tweezers, but instead of using mechanical tweezers you are just using laser light that's highly focused: you grab something, and apply force to it to move it. What is beautiful about it is that it's a quantitative method: you can evaluate how far you move an entity and what sort of force you're applying, so you can start interrogating complex biological or solid state systems in a very precise way."[6] Her group exploits the ability to rotate very small objects using exotic laser modes such as Laguerre Gauss beams, as for example was published in 2014 for a micron size donut shaped rotor.[20] In a seminal paper published in 1995 and titled "Direct Observation of Transfer of Angular Momentum to Absorptive Particles from a Laser Beam with a Phase Singularity", Rubinsztein-Dunlop's group experimentally showed the spinning of absorptive particles trapped in a singularity beam where the spin direction was controlled based on the sign of the singularity.[21]

Biophysics

Rubinsztein-Dunlop also conducts work in the field of biophysics, notably a study on vertigo and understanding the body's balance system.[22] At the heart of this research is otoliths which are little stones in the ears. By manipulating the otoliths in zebrafish and moving them around, reactions were observed such as how the "fish moves its tail to try to compensate for the interaction with its balance system".[6] The 2018 UNSW Eureka Prize for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Scientific Research was awarded to Rubinsztein-Dunlop and the University of Queensland Optical Physics in Neuroscience team based on research using optical trapping and novel microscopes that image how brain circuits function to process motion together with other senses.[15] She has also conducted research using laser micro-manipulation to examine red blood cells to see how long blood can be stored before being used safely; the older the cell, the more likely the elasticity changes. Rubinsztein-Dunlop uses optical tweezers to grab the blood cell at both ends and then stretches the cell from one end whilst the other is fixed to measure how much it can stretch.[6]

Awards

Memberships
  • Rubinsztein-Dunlop is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Japan.[28]
  • She is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Biophotonics.[29]
  • She is a member of the Advisory Board of the Beckmann Laser Institute.[30]
  • In 2012, Rubinsztein-Dunlop became a Fellow of The Optical Society for pioneering contributions in nano and micro laser manipulation in the fields of optical tweezers and atom optics with applications to biophotonics.[31]
  • SPIE roles: Board of Directors, Diversity and Inclusion Ad Hoc Committee, Fellows Committee, Publications Committee, Strategic Planning Committee, Symposia Committee, Symposium Chair, Conference Program Committee, Conference Chair, Symposium Committee[24]

References
  1. Allen, Elizabeth (29 April 2000). "Atom lady". Courier Mail.
  2. "Queen's Birthday honours for seven Academy Fellows | Australian Academy of Science". www.science.org.au. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  3. "Professor Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop | Australian Academy of Science". www.science.org.au. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  4. "Prof. Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop | ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems". equs.org. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  5. "Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop - 2010 SPIE Women in Optics Planner". Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  6. "Laser Sharp". spie.org. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  7. "UQ remembers Emeritus Professor Keith Bullock, Dr Robert Wensley, QC and Emeritus Professor Gordon Dunlop". The Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  8. 1950-, Rubinsztein, Halina (1978). "Atomic-beam magnetic resonance investigations of refractory elements and metastable states of lead" (in Swedish). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. "History of Physics Department to 1998 - Physics Museum - The University of Queensland, Australia". physicsmuseum.uq.edu.au. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  10. "Journal of Optics, Volume 13, Number 4, April 2011 - IOPscience". iopscience.iop.org. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  11. "UQ laser physicist recognised in Queen's birthday honours". School of Mathematics and Physics. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  12. "Australian Honours database: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  13. "Conference Detail for Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XV". spie.org. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  14. "Eureka moment for leading UQ researchers". UQ News. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  15. "2018 Eureka Prizes Winners - Australian Museum". australianmuseum.net.au. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  16. "Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.co.uk. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  17. "The Bose-Einstein Condensate Laboratory | ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems". equs.org. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  18. "Tiny Einstein is created in super-cold microscopic detail". UQ News. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  19. Gauthier, G.; Lenton, I.; Parry, N. McKay; Baker, M.; Davis, M. J.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.; Neely, T. W. (20 October 2016). "Direct imaging of a digital-micromirror device for configurable microscopic optical potentials". Optica. 3 (10): 1136–1143. arXiv:1605.04928. Bibcode:2016Optic...3.1136G. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.3.001136. ISSN 2334-2536. S2CID 118593143.
  20. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina; Nieminen, Timo A.; Stilgoe, Alexander B.; Asavei, Theodor; Loke, Vincent L. Y. (11 August 2014). "Driving corrugated donut rotors with Laguerre-Gauss beams". Optics Express. 22 (16): 19692–19706. Bibcode:2014OExpr..2219692L. doi:10.1364/OE.22.019692. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 25321053. S2CID 3471445.
  21. He, H.; Friese, M. E. J.; Heckenberg, N. R.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. (31 July 1995). "Direct Observation of Transfer of Angular Momentum to Absorptive Particles from a Laser Beam with a Phase Singularity" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 75 (5): 826–829. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75..826H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.826. PMID 10060128.
  22. "Vertigo and understanding the body's balance system". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  23. "Women in Physics Lecturer | Australian Institute of Physics". aip.org.au. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  24. "Prof. Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop SPIE Profile".
  25. "Australian Optical Society - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop and Ben Eggleton, Fellows of the AAS". optics.org.au. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  26. "Abstract | German physic society". Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  27. Lise-Meitner-Lectures 2019 - Interview with Prof. Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop |access-date=2019-10-09
  28. "NTT Basic Research Laboratories". www.brl.ntt.co.jp. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  29. "Journal of Biophotonics". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  30. "Beckman Laser Institute - Founder's Column Arnold Beckman Tribute". www.bli.uci.edu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  31. "2012 OSA Fellows". Retrieved 17 September 2019.
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