Halting site

A halting site (or a halting bay site) is purpose-built residential accommodation for Travellers provided by a local municipal authority. The halting site has an individual bay for each family unit with a full range of services provided in a small structure on each bay.[1]

Traveller Pride mural, St. Margaret's Park Halting Site in Ballymun, Dublin

Provision of Halting Sites by Local Authorities

Accommodation for Travellers in Ireland

Irish state policy for providing housing for the Travelling Community is laid out in legislation, the most recent being the 1998 Housing (Traveller Accommodation) Act. This law outlines the 5-year rolling accommodation programmes required of each municipal authority to meet the existing and projected accommodation needs of Travellers in their areas.[2]

The Custom House, home to the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government

A minority of Travellers reside on Halting sites. Of the 30,987 Traveller individuals recorded as living in the Republic of Ireland in Census 2016[3] approximately 950 families live on Halting sites.[4]

Other Accommodation Types for Travellers can include:

• Standard Local Authority Social Housing
• Traveller Group Housing
• RAS (abbrev for Rental Accommodation Scheme) & Leasing
• HAP (abbrev for Housing Assistance Payment)
• Voluntary Housing
• Rural Dwellings (not applicable in cities)
• Private Rented Accommodation[5]

an unauthorised encampment on public land 51° 16′ 33″ N, 1° 06′ 21″ W 16 March 2010

A halting site should not be confused with an encampment set up on private or public land (including highway verges and lay-bys) without the consent of the landowner. Due to these being unauthorised[6] the people residing there are liable to eviction. These lack facilities and are referred to in official documents as "Temporary Dwellings".[7] The provisions set out in the 1998 Housing (Traveller Accommodation) Act contain strong powers for local authorities to deal with unauthorised temporary dwellings.[8] There are penalties used to deal with illegal encampments,[9] as outlined in relevant legislation.

an encampment on a highway verge 16 March 2010

These laws include:

• Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act 1948
• Planning and Development Acts 2000-2006
• Section 10 of the Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1992 as amended by Section 32 of the Housing (Traveller Accommodation) Act, 1998
• Roads Act, 1993
• Criminal Justice (Public Order) Act, 1994 (as amended)
• Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2002[10]

height restriction barricade to prevent encampments on public land 3 January 2009

The Housing Department in the Local Authority of each county implements the Traveller Accommodation Programme.[11] This Traveller Accommodation Programme is determined by assessment of need in the local government's administrative area, in accordance with the terms of the 1998 Act. Local authorities calculate the accommodation needs of Traveller households who are approved applicants for accommodation.[12] This involves a census of the number of Travellers residing in the county towards the end of the calendar year. The assessment is done in consultation with the Travelling Community, Travellers’ Organisations, the Local Traveller Accommodation Consultative Committee, Public Representatives, the wider community and other Statutory and Voluntary Bodies.[13]

Regarding halting site size, case studies showed that the range should be between five and fifteen bays but consensus rests on the number of ten. The conclusion was drawn that sites that are smaller than ten bays can create difficulties in the provision of onsite services (such as community centres and pre-school facilities) because of the economies of scale involved.[14]

size is an important factor in a halting site 27 March 2009

Accommodation Provision in Consultation

A big change to relations between the Traveling Community and the settled community is how the state has committed to working with Travellers. This is seen in County Councils and other relevant agencies delivering accommodation in consultation with members of the Travelling Community. The 1998 Act has provisions to allow for consultation by the County Council with the Travelling Community. The local authority Traveller Accommodation Programmes sets out to enable Traveller ownership of and pride in the programme itself. This is accomplished by Traveller participation in the structures, processes, and associations that play a role in managing housing and accommodation provided.[15] The Local Traveller Accommodation Consultative Committees (LTACC) was established to facilitate consultation between Housing Authorities and Travellers. Membership of the LTACC provides for a number of Traveller positions depending on the size of the population. The committee gives advice on the provision and management of accommodation for Travellers.[16]

The ongoing implementation of the accommodation programme requires a commitment from all involved to work together.[17] But the process of enabling partnership takes time. There was a consensus among Travellers consulted that Travellers are conceived of as a problem within the local authority.[18] At the same time there are cases of County Council officials expressing exasperation. There have been frustrated attempts to "identify and resolve" issues arising from "vandalism, malicious damage and anti-social behavior" on halting sites.[19] There have been cases of the inoperability of the Local Traveller Accommodation Consultative Committee (LTACC) because of a lack of interest from Traveller representatives.[20]

Halting Site on Cappagh Road in Finglas

The 1998 Act has built-in procedures to facilitate the statutory obligation on local authorities to provide accommodation for Travellers. Firstly, there is central involvement from the Department of Local Government. The funding of the Traveller Accommodation Programme is not included in general funding to County Councils. The funds for this particular programme are received direct from the Department of Local Government. This is done so as to prevent any conflict of interest regarding funding within the County Councils.[21] Failure by a County Council to comply with the provisions of the 1998 Act results in that funding being withheld by the Department of Local Government[22]

Secondly, senior County Council officials have strong powers if Traveller Accommodation measures cannot achieve agreement among councilors.[23] Lobbying over many years by Travellers’ organisations resulted in these emergency powers being invested in senior municipal officials. This is warranted by the presence of some public representatives who have repeatedly objected to halting sites.[24]

All tenants of official halting sites (and group housing schemes) are required to sign a licence agreement (or a tenancy agreement) prior to taking up occupation of Traveller accommodation. The terms and conditions are explained in detail to every new tenant. Management plans that are set up in co-operation with Traveller families rely in the first instance on the residents and their behaviour.[25] Local authority is legally compelled to investigate complaints of anti-social behaviour and breaches of the Tenancy Agreement. Following this appropriate action is taken which can include issuing tenancy warnings or instigating Possession Proceedings or Excluding Order Proceedings as appropriate.[26]

Traveller Accommodation is Provision in Consultation with Travellers

County Councils encourage tenant participation in the management and maintenance of Traveller accommodation in halting sites. This extends to maintenance of safety standards. County Councils have a statutory responsibility to ensure appropriate fire safety standards at all Local Authority housing units, which includes halting sites. To accomplish this, the maintaining of fire safety is a shared responsibility of both the county council and its tenants.[27] The presence of unauthorised dwellings, contributing to overcrowding on halting sites, is an ongoing serious concern for fire safety.[28]

History of Halting Sites

Introduction

Historically, many Travellers resided in temporary camping sites located on roadsides.

life on the road for Irish Travellers in the 1960s. Taken by Geoff Charles on 1 November 1963 (Geoff Charles Collection at the National Library of Wales (Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru)).

These sites were often set up on land where ownership was unclear. This could be a section of a road that had been widened or straightened. Undeveloped building sites in urban or suburban areas were also used.[29]

The findings of a report commissioned by the Scottish Office in 1917 sheds some light on the direction officials in this part of Europe were going regarding consideration of accommodation for traditionally travelling groups. The 1917 Departmental Committee on Tinkers in Scotland identified that municipal provision of camp facilities would enable children to participate in education on a regular basis.[30] None of the recommendations in the Scottish report were put into effect there.

Kent County pilot Authorised Caravan Park

Chart Road, Great Chart village, outside Ashford town in Kent, England

The first Traveller caravan park resembling what today is called a halting site was in Kent in England. It mainly came about as a result of changes in social policy in Britain. The 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services (also known as the Beveridge Report) served as the basis for the post-World War II welfare state put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945. The Beveridge Report identified five "Giant Evils" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease.

A pilot scheme was introduced in Kent County in 1951 to provide a planned and equipped area for gypsies and travellers to reside instead of the unsuitable winter camping sites used previously. The site, called Chilmington Gypsy and Traveller Site, was developed approximately a mile from the village of Great Chart, which is located 2 miles (3.2 km) from the town of Ashford in Kent.[31]

The features of Chilmington Site included

• Electricity
• Halting bays for 12 caravans
• Supply of clean, potable water piped in from the mains
• Toilets and bathing facilities for each family unit
• An area of pasture and stables for horses
• Storage sheds
• Parking area for motorised vehicles
• drainage infrastructure, to prevent accumulation of surface runoff
• Sanitary plumbing for controlled expulsion of effluent waste from the residences and the stables
• Tarmacadamed and concrete surfaces
• Security in the form of a stout perimeter fence ensuring access and exit was contained to one point
• One of the residents was appointed as caretaker of the site[32]

Bank Street, Ashford, Kent county

On conclusion of the Chilmington Site pilot scheme the British Ministry of Housing and Local Government adopted as policy the construction of purpose-build Gypsy and Traveller Sites in every municipal area in the country. The policy was promoted as an alternative to the ad hoc approach used hitherto of officials "moving people off one unauthorised site and leaving them to find another one".[33] Chilmington Gypsy Site has expanded over the intervening decades in line with the expansion of Ashford itself.[34]

The Irish Commission on Itinerancy

Similar to how the Beveridge Report in Britain inspired a change in social policy there, in Ireland there was a change in government approach from non-intervention. The changes were generally reflective of a paradigm shift in the Western hemisphere on the government's role in society and economy. Beginning in the late 1950s, the National Economic and Social Council (a government-appointed advisory body) produced a series of reports on economic and social matters. This marked a departure in the history of the Irish state, up to this point the government had simply deferred to the Catholic Church in the area of social welfare.[35]

In June 1960 the government established a "Commission on Itinerancy", the first specific state focus on Travellers in the history of the independent Irish state. This government body finalised their findings in "The Report of the Commission", in August 1963, publishing it on 26 November.

The Commission on Itinerancy travelled to the Netherlands in September 1961 to consider the policy there. Dutch policy on Travellers was in its second generation; a version of halting sites had been created under the 1918 Caravan Act.

The Irish delegation visited Woonwagenkampen (tr. caravan camps).[36] In camps like the one in Vlijmenseweg in the city of 's-Hertogenbosch they examined the facilities. Also, whilst there, the Irish delegation interviewed – through the use of interpreters – those Dutch Travelling Community resident on the sites.

The Itinerancy Commission report in 1963 expressed satisfaction with the results of the Netherlands policy:

1. Facilitating Travellers in a single designated place in the locality allowed for sustained school attendance, and retention of contact with employers, employees, and business liaisons as well as for health and welfare services, voluntary organisations and religious bodies

2. The living facilities in the Municipal Sites are superior than traditional caravans and tents, greatly increasing living standards, prolonging lifespans, reducing the rates of sickness and problematic pregnancy[37]

Travellers’ Caravan Site in Haarlem in Netherlands in 1985

The Report recommended the provision by each local authority of halting bay sites where numbers of itinerant families habitually frequent an area. The standard of these facilities were to be on a par with those in Chilmington Site and in the Travellers’ Camps (nl) in the Netherlands.

The Irish delegation was impressed with the joint planning from the relevant parties involved. A conference in Netherlands in 1963 was held involving all the bodies that work with the Travellers. At this conference officials from municipal government, health and welfare services, charities and the clergy came together to learn from each other. Mistakenly, there was no Traveller representation at this stage. The references to this conference in the Report stands out because of the Irish acknowledgment that dealings with Travellers in the Netherlands improved when a holistic approach was taken. Prior to this, state dealings in Ireland with Travellers were largely only in the area of criminal justice. "The object of the conference was to emphasise that the problem of itinerancy can only be solved by the humane treatment of the itinerants".[38]

Criticism has been made in retrospect that Ministerial commitment was not matched at local authority level. The 1983 Travelling People Review Body Report states that "compliance by some local authorities was marked by tardiness".[39] The recommendations of having financial incentive, and a system of oversight to bypass "local political and community indifference" did not occur with the 1998 Act.

One of the results of the 1963 Commission Report was the establishment of the National Council for Travelling People. The committee in Dublin was led by Fr. Tom Fehily, Victor Bewley, and Eleanor Butler.[40] Pressure was maintained by this voluntary group on local municipal government to provide halting sites.

"The provision by Local Authorities of serviced camping sites provides the necessary springboard for the itinerants. Such sites can act as a bridge between the itinerants and the settled community, and help both communities towards a mutual understanding."

- The Irish Times, 15 December 1969

Public Perception of Halting Sites

Causes for Resentment

Loose horses grazing on public land can be a concern for passers-by

Some halting sites become the source of resentment from other local residents because of examples of anti-social behaviour. Regular concerns include increased litter, vandalism, house robberies, begging, noise, loose horses and/or dogs, a build-up of discarded domestic waste and scrap metal.[41] People have fears for their personal safety, household security as well as a fall in property value.[42] A succession of news stories feature in the media about topics like, faction fighting,[43][44][45][46] illegal dumping,[47][48] storage of stolen goods,[49] drug trafficking,[50][51] paramilitarism,[52][53] drunken aggression,[54] and slave labour.[55][56]

local people can get suspicious, however misplaced that may be

These stories generate a negative image of the locality, and further worsen relations between Travellers and the settled community.[57] The extent of feeling on the issue can be seen when on occasion people take legal action on proposed halting sites. In November 1987 a High Court challenge was successfully launched on the grounds that two planned halting sites were found to be in material contravention of the 1986 Dublin County Development Plan.[58]

Illegal waste disposal at Traveller halting site, Kingston-Upon-Hull, England

Often feelings can be polarised because an effective campaign from Residents’ Associations gives an exaggerated perception to the extent of opposition. Media-savvy, articulate opponents with legal knowledge compound the distortion by claiming blanket support for their position.[59] On occasion some unauthorised camps have seen vigilante incidents,[60] which cause further deterioration in relations. General concerns by the settled community caused by hyped media reports of anti-social behavior and crime only serve to curtail Traveller families whose presence in the community poses no threat.[61]

Effects of Anti-Social Behaviour

Not only does anti-social behaviour impacts negatively on local residents but there is a heavy financial burden. The cost involved causes money to be re-directed from other County Council services.[62]

The county council as the landlord of halting sites is obliged to follow up on complaints

There are penalties for use by the landlord (i.e. the County Council) to respond to anti-social behaviour. If a tenant is evicted from their accommodation due to anti-social behaviour they will be deemed to have rendered themselves homeless. Consequently, they may not be provided with another home by the County Council. Allocation is withheld for a probationary period of 3 years. A reduction in waiting time is allowed if the County Council is made satisfied that the evicted tenant is capable of living (and agreeable to live) in the community, without causing further anti-social behaviour.[63]

Some Travellers surveyed have agreed with penalties, arguing for intervention by official bodies to tackle anti-social behaviour issues. It was pointed out that the local authority and the Garda Síochána need to intervene and take action at an early stage to deal with issues of violence.[64] Half of the local authorities consulted identified internal tensions and lack of compatibility between Traveller families as the primary reasons for Travellers leaving Traveller-specific accommodation.[65] There have been reported cases of violence erupting involving unauthorised people in a halting site,[66] and deteriorating family relations.[67]

Geographical Distribution in the Republic of Ireland

The following is a sample of halting sites across Ireland

Dublin Region

• Saint Margaret's Park in Ballymun in Dublin city[68]
• Booterstown Park in Blackrock in Dún Laoghaire[69]
• Barnlodge in Cappagh Road in county Fingal[70]
• Brookfield in Tallaght in south Dublin[71]

Traveller Pride sculpture. This effigy of a horse rearing up is located at Tattykeel group housing scheme outside Omagh in county Tyrone

Northern & Western Region

• Cúl Trá in Galway City[72]
• Humbert Way in Mayo[73]
• Ardara in Donegal[74]
• Gortakeegan in Monaghan[75]

Eastern & Midlands Region

• Bestfield in Carlow[76]
• Ardrew in Kildare[77]
• Silverbridge in Wicklow[78]
• St. Francis Park in Meath[79]

Southern Region

• Ballyknock in Tipperary[80]
• Spring Lane in Cork City[81]
• Kilbarry in Waterford[82]
• Toppins’ Field in Limerick[83]
• Ballymurtagh in Shannon town in Clare[84]

See also

• trailer park

References

Citations

1. DLR County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 33. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDLR_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
2. Dept. of Housing, Traveller Accommodation, 2017. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDept._of_Housing,_Traveller_Accommodation,2017 (help)
3. Irish Travellers Demographics in the 2016 Census of Population, 2017. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Travellers_Demographics_in_the_2016_Census_of_Population,2017 (help)
4. Dept. of Housing, 2015 Annual Count Table of Accommodation for Traveller Families, 2015, p. 1. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDept._of_Housing,_2015_Annual_Count_Table_of_Accommodation_for_Traveller_Families,2015 (help)
5. Dept. of Housing, Traveller Accommodation webpage 2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDept._of_Housing,_Traveller_Accommodation_webpage2019 (help)
6. Irish Times, 11-4-2001. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_11-4-2001 (help)
7. Offaly County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOffaly_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
8. South Dublin County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSouth_Dublin_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
9. Irish Times, 10-7-2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_10-7-2019 (help)
10. Donegal County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2019, p. 37. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDonegal_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2019 (help)
11. Fingal County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2019, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFingal_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2019 (help)
12. Galway City Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 6. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGalway_City_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
13. Longford County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2025, 2019, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLongford_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2025,2019 (help)
14. Crosscare Research Report into Traveller Accommodation, 1996, p. 19. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosscare_Research_Report_into_Traveller_Accommodation,1996 (help)
15. Monaghan County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 3. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMonaghan_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
16. Carlow County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarlow_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
17. Clare County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 23. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClare_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
18. The Housing Agency Report 2019, p. 39. sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Housing_Agency_Report2019 (help)
19. Leitrim County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2014, p. 6. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLeitrim_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2014 (help)
20. The Clare Champion, 05-05-2011. sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Clare_Champion,_05-05-2011 (help)
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26. Louth County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 10. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLouth_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
27. Wexford County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 10. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWexford_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
28. Galway County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGalway_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
29. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 52. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
30. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 15. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
31. Kent County Council, Traveller Accommodation. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKent_County_Council,_Traveller_Accommodation (help)
32. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 17. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
33. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 18. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
34. Ashford Borough Council, 2016, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAshford_Borough_Council,2016 (help)
35. Crowley, Una 2005, p. 2.
36. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 21. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
37. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 26. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
38. Commission on Itinerancy, 1963, p. 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommission_on_Itinerancy,1963 (help)
39. Review Body Report, 1983, p. 39. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReview_Body_Report,1983 (help)
40. Review Body Report, 1983, p. 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReview_Body_Report,1983 (help)
41. Crosscare Report, 1996, p. 24. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosscare_Report,1996 (help)
42. Fingal Independent, 11-2-2000. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFingal_Independent,_11-2-2000 (help)
43. RTÉ News, 06-05-2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRTÉ_News,_06-05-2009 (help)
44. Leitrim Observer, 4-1-2004. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLeitrim_Observer,_4-1-2004 (help)
45. Irish Times, 30-8-2007. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_30-8-2007 (help)
46. Clare Herald, 16-05-2016. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClare_Herald,_16-05-2016 (help)
47. Irish Examiner, 3-5-2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Examiner,_3-5-2019 (help)
48. Daily Express, 21-4-2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDaily_Express,_21-4-2019 (help)
49. Irish Times, 26-7-2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_26-7-2019 (help)
50. Irish Independent, 18-6-2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Independent,_18-6-2009 (help)
51. Irish Examiner, 2-5-2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Examiner,_2-5-2009 (help)
52. Irish Central, 5-10-2012. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Central,_5-10-2012 (help)
53. Irish Independent, 14-2-2015. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Independent,_14-2-2015 (help)
54. Evening Herald, 14-2-2015. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEvening_Herald,_14-2-2015 (help)
55. Irish Mirror, 14-2-2015. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Mirror,_14-2-2015 (help)
56. TheJournal.ie 12-9-2011. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTheJournal.ie_12-9-2011 (help)
57. Irish Independent, 29-3-2000. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Independent,_29-3-2000 (help)
58. Crosscare Report, 1996, p. 14. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosscare_Report,1996 (help)
59. Crosscare Report, 1996, p. 23. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosscare_Report,1996 (help)
60. DACT Report, 1996, p. 21. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDACT_Report,1996 (help)
61. Review Body Report, 1983, p. 26. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReview_Body_Report,1983 (help)
62. Fingal County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2019, 2014, p. 25. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFingal_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2019,2014 (help)
63. Wexford County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWexford_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
64. Housing Agency Report, 2014, p. 41. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHousing_Agency_Report,2014 (help)
65. Housing Agency Report, 2014, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHousing_Agency_Report,2014 (help)
66. Irish Times, 22-08-2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_22-08-2009 (help)
67. Irish Independent, 08-05-2012. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Independent,_08-05-2012 (help)
68. Dublin City Council Halting Site List. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDublin_City_Council_Halting_Site_List (help)
69. Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024, 2019, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDún_Laoghaire–Rathdown_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2019_–_2024,2019 (help)
70. Fingal County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2019, p. 9. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFingal_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2019 (help)
71. Crosscare Research Report into Traveller Accommodation, 1996, p. 12. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosscare_Research_Report_into_Traveller_Accommodation,1996 (help)
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74. Donegal County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2014, p. 5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDonegal_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2014 (help)
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79. Irish Times, 15-1-2005. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_15-1-2005 (help)
80. Tipperary County Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018, 2018, p. 5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTipperary_County_Council_Traveller_Accommodation_Programme_2014_–_2018,2018 (help)
81. The Echo, 17-12-2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Echo,_17-12-2019 (help)
82. Waterford News, 17-1-2020. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWaterford_News,_17-1-2020 (help)
83. Irish Times, 28-11-2011. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIrish_Times,_28-11-2011 (help)
84. Clare fm News, 14-07-2011. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClare_fm_News,_14-07-2011 (help)

Sources

Newspapers

• "Travellers halt sites: council moves to ally fears of Fingal residents". Fingal Independent. Swords town, Dublin. 11 February 2000. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• "Six Men Charged over Violent Longford Feud Incident Denied Bail". Leitrim Observer. Carrick, County Leitrim. 4 January 2004. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• "Halting site to be upgraded to a housing scheme with walkway". Bray People. Bray, Wicklow. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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• Boland, Rosita (28 November 2011). "The View from Inside: a Day on the Halting Site". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Bradley, Dara (24 February 2017). "City chief to take tough stance over Traveller hardstands". Connacht Tribune. Galway. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Bradley, Dara (27 February 2017). "City's halting sites are 'a failed entity', according to councillors". Connacht Tribune. Galway. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Brady, Tom; Farrelly, Brendan (18 June 2009). "Major drug trafficker shot dead at halting site". Irish Independent. Dublin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Cunningham, Enda (13 March 2017). "City Council risks losing Traveller funding if decision is shirked". Connacht Tribune. Galway. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Cusack, Jim (14 February 2015). "Traveller families forced into exodus after church carnage". Irish Independent. Dublin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Deegan, Gordon (8 May 2012). "Hatchet victim asks court to protect his family from brother". Irish Independent. Dublin. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
• English, Eoin (3 May 2019). "Tense Altercation at Illegal Dump near Spring Lane". Irish Examiner. Cork, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Flynn, Pat (16 May 2016). "Arrests following trouble at Shannon funeral". Clare Herald. Ennis, County Clare. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
• Foy, Ken; Farrell, Rachel (6 April 2009). "Three released after monkey, drugs and guns seized at halting site". Irish Independent. Dublin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Forrest, Conor (2 October 2019). "Council agrees Traveller Accommodation Plan". Kildare Nationalist. Kildare, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Fricker, Martin (12 September 2017). "Irish Traveller family behind Lincolnshire slavery gang jailed". Irish Mirror. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Gallagher, Conor (19 October 2010). "Officers Forced to Flee Brawl". Evening Herald. Dublin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Hassett, Darren (16 October 2019). "Traveller family waiting five weeks to move into new house claims councilor". Carlow Live. Carlow. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Healy, Tim (29 March 2000). "Residents bus to Council to protest 2nd Halting Site". Irish Independent. Dublin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Holland, Kitty (28 May 2019). "Galway Travellers live in rat-infested facilities, report finds". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Holland, Kitty (15 January 2005). "Traveller housing's happy ending is only half the story". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Hutton, Brian (2 May 2019). "Drogheda Drug swoop targets biggest trafficker". Irish Examiner. Cork, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Kelly, Antoinette (5 October 2012). "Police raid halting site following assassination". IrishCentral.com. New York. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Lally, Conor (30 August 2007). "Feud erupts at Waterford halting site". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• McNamara, Robert (17 December 2019). "Traveller groups respond to new housing plan for Spring Lane". The Echo. Cork. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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• O'Faolain, Aodhan (11 July 2019). "Traveller families ordered to vacate Thurles site by Tuesday". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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• Murphy, Ciaran (22 August 2009). "Five arrested at Waterford halting site". Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
• Ryan, Susan (12 September 2011). "Four charged over Alleged Slavery on Bedfordshire Traveller Site". TheJournal.ie. Cork, Ireland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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Online sources

• Ashford Borough Council (18 May 2016). Planning Application (PDF). Ashford, Kent County: Ashford Borough Council.
• Carlow County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Carlow town, Carlow County: Carlow County Council.
• Central Statistics Office (CSO) (2017). Irish Travellers Demographics in the 2016 Census of Population. Dublin, Ireland: Central Statistics Office.
• Clare County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Ennis, county Clare: Clare County Council.
• Commission on Itinerancy (26 November 1963). Report (PDF). Official publications. Pr.7272. Dublin: Stationery Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Crowley, Una (2005). Liberal Rule through Non-Liberal Means: The Attempted Settlement of Irish Travellers (1955 – 1975) (PDF). Dublin: Geographical Society of Ireland.
• Dublin Accommodation Coalition with Travellers (DACT) (1996). Still No Place to Go – A Survey on Traveller Accommodation in Dublin 1994 (PDF). Dublin: Irish Travellers Movement.
• Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government. "Overview and Policy". Traveller Accommodation.
• Department of Housing (2015). 2015 Annual Count Table of Accommodation for Traveller Families (PDF). Dublin, Ireland: Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government.
• DLR County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Dún Laoghaire, county Dublin: DLR County Council.
• Donegal County Council Housing Office (2014). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (PDF). Donegal town, county Donegal: Donegal County Council.
• Dublin City Council Housing Office. "List of Sites". Traveller Accommodation.
• Fingal County Council Housing Office (2014). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (PDF). Swords town, county Fingal: Fingal County Council.
• Galway County Council Housing Office (2014). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024. Galway city, county Galway: Fingal County Council.
• Irish Traveller Movement. "What is Traveller-Specific Accommodation?". Strategic Priorities.
• Kent County Council Planning and Land Office. "List of Sites". Traveller Accommodation.
• Kerry County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Tralee, county Kerry: Kerry County Council.
• KW Research & Associates (2014). Why Travellers Leave Traveller-Specific Accommodation (PDF). Dublin, Ireland: The Housing Agency Report.
• Leitrim County Council Housing Office (2014). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (PDF). Carrick, county Leitrim: Leitrim County Council.
• Limerick County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2025 (PDF). Limerick city, county Limerick: Limerick County Council.
• Longford County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2025 (PDF). Longford town, county Longford: Longford County Council.
• Louth County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2025 (PDF). Dundalk town, county Louth: Louth County Council.
• Monaghan County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (PDF). Clones town, county Monaghan: Monaghan County Council.
• Monaghan County Council Housing Office (2019). Gortakeegan Halting Site Planning Advertisement. Clones town, county Monaghan: Monaghan County Council.
• McKeown, Kieran; McGrath, Bríd (1996). Research Report into Traveller Accommodation in the Greater Dublin Area (PDF). Dublin, Ireland: Crosscare.
• Offaly County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Birr, Offaly County: Offaly County Council.
• Tipperary County Council Housing Office (2018). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (PDF). Nenagh, county Tipperary: Tipperary County Council.
• Travelling People Review Body (1983). Report (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office.
• RTÉ (19 October 2004). "Six Arrested after Halting Site Raids". Retrieved 6 May 2009.
• Sligo County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Sligo town, county Sligo: Sligo County Council.
• South Dublin County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Tallaght, county Dublin: South Dublin County Council.
• Wexford County Council Housing Office (2019). Traveller Accommodation Programme 2019 – 2024 (PDF). Wexford town, county Wexford: Cavan County Council.

Further reading

• "Councils under fire as just 18% of Traveller accommodation cash drawn down". BreakingNews.ie. Dublin. 10 July 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
• All Ireland Traveller Health Study Team (2010). Our Geels - All Ireland Traveller Health Study. Dublin, Ireland: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin.
• Coates, D; Kane, F; Treadwell Shine, K (2008). Traveller Accommodation in Ireland: Review of Policy and Practice. Dublin, Ireland: Centre for Housing Research.
• Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government (27 February 2018). "Local Authority Traveller Accommodation Programmes 2014-2018".
• Fahy, K (2001). A Lost Opportunity? A Critique of Local Authority Traveller Accommodation Programmes. Dublin, Ireland: The Irish Traveller Movement.
• Northern Ireland Housing Executive (2018). "Accommodation for Travellers".
• National Traveller Accommodation Consultative Committee (NTACC). Consultations Guidelines for Traveller-Specific Accommodation Projects. Dublin, Ireland: (Undated) NTACC.
• Scottish Cabinet Secretary for Communities and Local Government (2017). "Policy on Gypsies and Travellers".
• Stadsarchief s-Hertogenbosch (tr. Hertogenbosch City Archives) (24 December 1989). "A photo by Felix Janssens of Roman Catholic Bishop Jan Ter Schure (1922 - 2003) blessing Woonwagenbewoners (tr. Dutch Travellers) in the Dutch city of Sint Jan".
• TSA Consultancy (2010). Assessing Conditions on Traveller Sites – a Toolkit. Galway, Ireland: Galway Travellers Movement.
• UK Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (29 June 2011). "List of Gypsy and Traveller caravan sites in England".CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Weafer & Associates Research (2009). Research into the barriers to the Provision of Traveller Accommodation (from a local authority perspective) Unpublished Report for the NTACC.
• Welsh Government Department for Housing and Local Government (June 2018). Enabling Gypsies, Roma and Travellers plan (PDF). Cardiff: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 978-1-78937-503-9.
• Woonwagennieuws (tr. Traveller News) Foundation (2006). Woonwagenbewoners in Nederland 1880 – 2006. Purmerend city, Netherlands: PRIMO nh Center for Social Development publishing.