Harold Cressy

Harold Cressy (1 February 1889 – 23 August 1916) was a South African headteacher and activist. He was the first Coloured person to gain a degree in South Africa and he worked to improve education for non-white South Africans. He co-founded a teachers group which opposed the apartheid Bantu Education Act.

Harold Cressy
Born1 February 1889
Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Died23 August 1916(1916-08-23) (aged 27)
Kimberley, South Africa
EducationBA
Alma materZonnebloem College
University of Cape Town
OccupationTeacher
Known forFirst coloured BA graduate in South Africa
Spouse(s)Caroline Hartog

Life

Cressy was born at the mission at Rorke's Drift on 1 February 1889 to Bernard and Mary Cressy. He first attended the school at the local mission. He then moved to Cape Town at the age of eight, where he eventually qualified as a teacher at the Zonnebloem College in 1905.[1]

Harold Cressy B.A.

With his new qualification he was able to teach at the Dutch Reformed Church mission school at Clanwilliam in the Western Cape. At the same time he furthered his own education and he passed his matriculation meaning that he could, in theory, enter a university.[2]

Cressy was determined to get a degree and despite gaining funding he was rejected for racial reasons by two other universities before a Cape Town city councillor, Abdullah Abdurahman, applied pressure to the University of Cape Town. Abdurahman's influence resulted in Cressy being accepted onto a graduate course.[2] He graduated from the University of Cape Town in 1911 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was the first Coloured person to achieve this distinction.[3][4] Cressy married Caroline Hartog in 1912.[1]

In 1912 he was appointed to be the Principal of Trafalgar Second Class Public School in District Six of Cape Town. The following year he had the pleasure of announcing the first black girl to pass her "School Higher". The girl was Rosie Waradea Abduraghman, Abdullah Abdurahman's daughter. The report on this success praised Rosie, Cressy and the school, but it gave no credit to the Cape school board as the school was still poorly supplied.[5]

Cressy continued to work with Abdullah Abdurahman who had helped his career before. With Abdurahman's encouragement he and H.Gordan founded the important Teachers' League of South Africa[6] and Cressy was appointed president of the organisation in 1913 as well as editing the groups influential publication, the Educational Journal. Cressy died in Kimberley in 1916 from pneumonia.[3] His wife died only a few years later in the 1918 flu pandemic leaving their daughter, Millicent, an orphan.[1]

Legacy

Cressy's name was chosen when Cape Town Secondary School was renamed in 1953 to be the Harold Cressy High School (HCHS).[3] In 2014, HCHS was declared a Provincial Heritage Site under the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999,[7] with a commemorative plaque unveiled on Heritage Day, 24 September.[8]

The Teachers League of South Africa (TLSA), which Cressy created, became a powerful group. In the 1950s the organisation organised political resistance by South African teachers to the emergence of Bantu education based on apartheid ideals.[6] In the 1950s Benjamin Kies, a teacher at Trafalgar High School, was banned from teaching for life for being involved with the TLSA.[9]

References
  1. Verwey, E. J. (ed.) (1995). New Dictionary of South African Biography (1st ed.). Pretoria: HSRC Publishers. p. 55. ISBN 0796916489. Retrieved 14 August 2014.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  2. Harold Cressy, South African History Online. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  3. Harold Cressy, Pitzer.edu. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  4. City School turns 100, iol.co.za, January 2012. Retrieved August 2014.
  5. History, school site. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  6. TLSA, Liberation Heritage. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  7. "Harold Cressy declared a heritage site", Cape Times, 18 September 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  8. "Harold Cressy High School declared a heritage site", The Citizen, 24 September 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  9. Helen Kies, SAHistory Online. Retrieved 17 August 2014.

Further reading
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