Helmut Gernsheim

Helmut Erich Robert Kuno Gernsheim (1 March 1913 – 20 July 1995) was a historian of photography, collector, and photographer.

Helmut Gernsheim
Born1 March 1913
Munich, Germany
Died20 July 1995 (aged 82)
Switzerland
EducationLudwig Maximilian University of Munich, State School of Photography, Munich
Occupationphotographer and photo historian
Known forphotography collection
Spouse(s)Alison Eames
Irene Guenin

Early life and education

Born in Munich, Germany, he was the third son of the academic librarian Karl Gernsheim and his wife Hermine Scholz. He studied art history at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He took up photography in 1934 at the urging of his brother, de:Walter Gernsheim, who thought it a more practical profession, for someone from a partially Jewish background who intended to leave Nazi Germany. He graduated from the State School of Photography, Munich, after two years' study.[1]

Gernsheim started working as a colour photographer using the German Uvachrome process[2] before going to Paris for an exhibition of his work and then to London to work on a commission from the National Gallery, London.

World War II

At the outset of World War II, Gernsheim was deported on the Dunera and interned as a "friendly enemy alien" for a year at Hay in New South Wales, Australia[3] along with other German nationals including Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack of the Bauhaus, Heinz Henghes (sculptor), Hein Heckroth (film and stage designer), George Teltscher (graphic artist), Klaus Friedeberger (painter), tenor Erich Liffmann, composer Ray Martin, artist Johannes Koelz, photographers Henry Talbot and Hans Axel, art historians Franz Phillipp and Ernst Kitzinger, author Ulrich Boschwitz, furniture designers Fred Lowen and Ernst Roedeck, and Erwin Fabian (sculptor). While interned, he lectured other internees on the aesthetics of photography and wrote his critique on photography, New Photo Vision, which was published in 1942 and led to his becoming a friend of fellow critic and historian Beaumont Newhall.

Gernsheim earned his release from internment by volunteering to work for the National Buildings Record, returning to London in 1942 to photograph important monuments with a view to revealing their artistic merits. These photographs became the basis of two more books. They were praised by critics including Kenneth Clark and Nikolaus Pevsner and in 1943 were described by The Architectural Review as "nothing short of a rediscovery of the Baroque monuments".[4] Around this time he met and married his wife Alison Eames Gernsheim. He joined The Royal Photographic Society in 1940 become a Fellow (FRPS) in 1942.[5]

Gernsheim was granted British citizenship in 1946 and continued to live in London for most of his life.[4]

Collection

In 1945, at Newhall's prompting, Helmut and Alison Gernsheim started collecting the works of historic photographers, especially British ones, which were disappearing. They amassed a huge collection containing work by such luminaries as Julia Margaret Cameron, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Hill & Adamson, William Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre. They rediscovered the long-lost hobby of Lewis Carroll when in 1947 Helmut stumbled across an album of Carroll's portraits in a junk shop. Ultimately this collection, along with an estimated 3–4 million words of notes on the subject led to his writing the 180,000-word book The History of Photography. When the first edition was published by the OUP in 1955 it became an instant classic and the definitive reference work for historians of photography for decades afterwards, being described by Beaumont Newhall as "a milestone in the history of photography" and by other reviewers as "the photographer's bible" and "an encyclopaedic work".[4] Along the way, in 1952 Gernsheim rediscovered the long-lost world's first surviving permanent photograph from nature, created by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1827 (View from the Window at Le Gras).[6] Helmut and Alison continued to publish numerous articles and books on various aspects of photography and a variety of photographers.

Ultimately, Gernsheim needed to find a home for his vast collection of over 33,000 photographs, 4,000 books, research notes, his own correspondence, and collected correspondence including letters by Daguerre and Fox Talbot.[7] He sought unsuccessfully to found a national museum of photography in the UK (ultimately a National Museum did not happen until 1983). In the end, after many fruitless discussions with authorities and potential sponsors in several countries, he sold everything to the University of Texas at Austin in 1963 where it formed the basis of a new Department of Photography at the Humanities Research Center.[8] His collection of modern photography was retained by him and ultimately passed to the Forum Internationale Photographie (FIP) at the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim.[9]

Later life, death

Alison Gernsheim died on 27 March 1969 and Helmut Gernsheim remarried in 1971 to Irène Guénin. He continued a positive interest in photography, vigorously supporting the establishment of photographic galleries and museums in the USA and Britain, including The Photographers' Gallery under Sue Davies in 1971 and the National Museum of Photography Film and Television under Colin Ford in 1983.

Helmut Gernsheim died on 20 July 1995.

Honors and awards

Bibliography
  • The history men: Helmut Gernsheim and Nicéphore Niépce text © 2013 Graham Harrison Photo Histories
  • Alvin Langdon Coburn: Photographer, with Alison Gernsheim, New York: Praeger, 1966.
  • Beautiful London, New York: Phaidon, 1950. (photographs by Helmut Gernsheim)
  • Churchill: His Life in Photographs, Helmut Gernsheim and Randolph S. Churchill, eds., London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1955.
  • A Concise History of Photography, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Thames & Hudson, 1965.
  • Creative Photography: Aesthetic Trends 1839–1960, London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1962.
  • Edward VII and Queen Alexandra: A Biography in Word and Picture, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Frederick Muller, 1962.
  • Focus on Architecture and Sculpture, an original approach to the photography of architecture and sculpture,, London: Fountain Press, 1949.
  • Fotografia Artistica: Tendinte Estetice 1839–1960, Bucuresti: Editura Meridiane 1970.
  • Historic Events 1839–1939, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1960.
  • The History of Photography From the Earliest Use of the Camera Obscura in the Eleventh Century up to 1914 with Alison Gernsheim, London: Oxford University Press 1955; revised edition Thames & Hudson. 1969
  • Incunabula of British Photographic Literature: A Bibliography of British Photographic Literature 1839–75 and British Books Illustrated with Original Photographs, London and Berkeley: Scolar Press in association with Derbyshire College of Higher Education 1984.
  • Julia Margaret Cameron; her life and photographic work, London: Fountain Press, 1948.
  • L. J. M. Daguerre. The History of the Diorama and the Daguerreotype, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Secker & Warburg, 1956. [With “Bibliography of Daguerre’s Instruction Manuals” by Beaumont Newhall.]
  • Lewis Carroll, photographer, London: Max Parrish, 1949.
  • The Man Behind the Camera, Helmut Gernsheim, ed. London: Fountain Press [November] 1948 (foreword by Rathbone Holme). [With chapters on Cecil Beaton, Gernsheim, E.O. Hoppé, Angus McBean, Felix H. Man, Mrs. K.M. Parsons, W. Suchitzky, Harold White, and J. Allan Cash.]
  • Masterpieces of Victorian Photography, London: Phaidon Press, 1951.
  • The New Photo Vision, London: Fountain Press, 1942.
  • The Origins of Photography, New York: Thames & Hudson, 1982.
  • The Recording Eye. A Hundred Years of Great Events as Seen by the Camera, 1839–1939, with Alison Gernsheim, New York: Putnam, 1960.
  • Roger Fenton, Photographer of the Crimean War. His Photographs and his Letters from The Crimea, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Secker & Warburg, 1954.
  • Those Impossible English, with Alison Gernsheim, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1952. (text: Quentin Bell; photographs selected by Helmut and Alison Gernsheim).
  • Victoria R. A Biography with Four Hundred Illustrations based on her Personal Photograph Albums, with Alison Gernsheim, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1959.

References
  1. Barlow, Helen. "Gernsheim, Helmut Erich Robert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/58543. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 138.
  3. The Independent obituary. Accessed 6 June 2011
  4. Dialogue With Photography by Paul Hill and Thomas Cooper, publ. Thames & Hudson 1979
  5. Royal Photographic Society membership records. See: www.rps.org.
  6. French: “Gernsheim reviendra en 1982 sur cette datation, et admettra la date de 1827, proposée en 1967 par P.-G. Harmant et P. Marillier, " Some Thoughts on the World's First Photograph ", The Photographic Journal, vol. 107 (4), avril 1967, p. 130-140 (paru en français en 1972 sous le titre : " À propos de la plus ancienne photographie du monde ", op. cit.) ; cf. H. Gernsheim, The origins of Photography, Londres, New York, Thames and Hudson, 1982, p. 34.”, which means “in 1982, Gernsheim goes back on his dating, and validate the date of 1827, proposed by P.-G. Harmant et P. Marillier in 1967”
  7. Helmut Gersheim Archived 24 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine International Photography Hall of Fame
  8. Helmut Gernsheim Harry Ransom Center. The University of Texas at Austin. Archived 11 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 27 December 2010.
  9. See: www.rem-mannheim.de
  10. "The Cultural Award of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie (DGPh)". Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie e.V.. Accessed 7 March 2017.
  11. Auer, Michèle; Auer, Michel (1985), Encyclopédie internationale des photographes de 1839 à nos jours = Photographers encyclopaedia international 1839 to the present, Editions Camera obscura, ISBN 978-2-903671-06-8
  12. Helmut and Alison Gernsheim: An Inventory of Their Papers at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas
  13. Popular Photography, January 1979, Volume 84, p.145, CBS Magazines, 1979
  14. Helmut Gernsheim, The Origins of Photography, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982. p. 274
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