Hendrik Detmers

Hendrik Detmers (Sprundel/Groot-Zundert, 20 March 1761 – The Hague, 8 September 1825), was a Dutch general who played an important part in the Battle of Waterloo as a colonel, commanding a brigade.

Hendrik Detmers
Born(1761-03-20)March 20, 1761
Sprundel/Groot-Zundert
DiedSeptember 8, 1825(1825-09-08) (aged 64)
The Hague
AllegianceNetherlands
RankGeneral
Commands held1st Brigade of the 3rd Division
Battles/warsBattle of Waterloo
AwardsKnight's Cross Third Class in the Military Order of William
Spouse(s)Maria Johanna Kolff
Children1
RelationsJohan Detmers and Justina Constantia Tollius

Life

Detmers was a son of Johan Detmers and Justina Constantia Tollius.[1] He married Maria Johanna Kolff on 13 February 1789. They had one daughter.[2]

Career

Dutch Republic

He entered service in the Dutch States Army in 1770 (age 10) as a cadet in the Onderwater regiment. He was promoted to second lieutenant on 16 May 1782. He became a captain in 1788 and was promoted to major in 1794. He took part in the Flanders Campaign, where he was involved in the siege of Maubeuge (1793), the Siege of Landrecies (1794), the Battle of Fleurus (1794), the skirmish around Seneffe, which village he defended, and the siege of Geertruidenberg (1795), which he helped defend. After the overthrow of the Dutch Republic by the Batavian Republic in January, 1795 he resigned his commission.[1]

Orangist in exile

Apparently an ardent Orangist he joined the "Osnabrück Assembly,"[3] a group of former soldiers around Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau who wanted to stage a raid into the Batavian Republic in the summer of 1795.[1] After this project came to nothing he travelled to England where he became involved in the preparations of the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland of 1799, which he joined on the British side. After the expedition came to nothing he joined the King's Dutch Brigade, a legion in British service founded by, and under command of, the Hereditary Prince.[4] This regiment was formed from former personnel of the Dutch States Army and deserters from the Batavian army on the Isle of Wight in October, 1799. In December 1800, the infantry were put aboard transports and shipped to Cove in Ireland (the artillery remained in Lymington). They joined various regiments that were posted to Ireland at this time in the expectation that the implementation of the Acts to unite the Kingdom of Ireland and Kingdom of Great Britain into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with effect from 1 January 1801, could cause some social unrest. The Brigade was later deployed in the Channel Islands and on the Isle of Wight against possible French landings. It was dissolved in 1802 and Detmers was put on half-pay.[5] It is not exactly known what he did between 1802 and 1813. He may have returned to the Netherlands.[1]

Waterloo and after

In 1814 Detmers again entered Dutch service as a lieutenant-colonel. He was promoted to colonel the same year and put in command of the 1st Brigade of the 3rd Division (general Chassé commanding). As such he took part in the Waterloo Campaign[1]

At the start of the Battle of Waterloo the Dutch Third Division was placed in reserve on the right wing of the Allied Army under general Lord Hill. When the French Imperial Guard undertook its famous assault on the Allied right wing toward the end of the day, and the British line was hard pressed, the Dutch Third Division was ordered forward at the initiative of general Chassé. The 4th Grenadiers of the French Middle Guard were severely attacked by the battery of horse-artillery of the Dutch division, under command of captain Krahmer de Bichin, but they kept advancing. The British line (1/3rd Foot) poured fire onto the Guard, and general Chassé ordered Detmers to charge the French column with his brigade. This was to be a bayonet charge, as Chassé had a predilection for this type of manoeuvre (that had earned him the nickname of "général baionette" from Napoleon). The Dutch troops advanced in a state of high excitement, cheering wildly and lifting their shakos on their bayonets, according to a British eye-witness (captain Edward Macready, 2/30th regiment of Foot). In combination with the fire of the British infantry (notably the Guards and 52nd Oxfordshire regiment),[6] and as this happened at the same time the French suffered a number of other setbacks, the 4th Grenadiers broke; this retreat is considered the "tipping point" of the battle: 'Wellington' gave the sign for a general advance of the Allied army after which Napoleon's army started to collapse.[7]

Some have speculated that because of this feat of arms Wellington referred to Detmers, when he mentioned "... general Vanhope, commanding a Brigade of Infantry of the King of the Netherlands" honorably in his Dispatch of 19 June 1815 to Earl Bathurst[8] This may be possible as there was not a single "general Vanhope" in the entire Dutch army, let alone anyone by that name that warranted a mention in dispatches.[9]

In any case, Detmers received a Knight's Cross Third Class in the Military Order of William for his exploit in 1815. On 24 August 1816 he was promoted to major-general and appointed Provincial Commander of the province of Zuid-Holland in the Dutch Army. He still was in that post when he died in 1825.[1]

Notes and references
  1. Van der Aa, A.J.; et al. (1858). Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, deel 4. Haarlem: J.J. van Brederode. p. 132.
  2. "Kolff Genealogie".
  3. Schama, Simon (1992). Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780-1813. New York: Vintage books. pp. 231, 235.
  4. Cf.De Vaandrig Brauw, J. (1837). Mijne emigratie in Duitschland, Engeland en Ierland in de jaren 1799-1802: met een verslag omtrent de Hollandsche Brigade in dienst van Groot-Brittannien, onder bevel van Z.D.H. den Heere Erfprins. N. van der Monde. p. 42.
  5. "Het ontstaan van de Hollandse Brigade in Engelse Dienst 1799-1802" (PDF). Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  6. Burnham, Robert. Wellington's foot guards at Waterloo. Frontline Books. pp. 50–52.
  7. Hamilton-Williams, David (1993). Waterloo. New Perspectives. The Great Battle Reappraised. London: Arms & Armour Press. pp. 343–345.
  8. Siborne, W. (1900). The Waterloo campaign 1815. A. Constable. p. 831.
  9. Adkin, Mark (2002). The Waterloo Companion. Stackpole books. p. 185.
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