Henry D. Fitch

Henry Delano Fitch (1799 – 1849) was an American born Mexican sea captain and trader. He was an early settler of San Diego, California. In San Diego, he was the first attorney, created the first survey of pueblo lands in the region, and served as mayor of the city from 1846-1847.

Henry Delano Fitch
BornMay 7, 1799
New Bedford, Massachusetts, United States
Died13 January 1849(1849-01-13) (aged 49)
San Diego, California, United States
Resting placePresidio of San Diego
Other namesEnrique Domingo Fitch
CitizenshipMexican
OccupationSea captain
Trader
Known forFirst American settler in San Diego
Spouse(s)Josefa Carrillo (1829–1849)
Children11

Early life

Henry Fitch was born in 1799 in Nantucket or New Bedford, Massachusetts.[1][2] His parents were Beriah Fitch and Sarah Delano. Beriah Fitch was a sea captain. In 1815, Fitch made his first ship journey, visiting ports in South America, buying and selling cargoes for a Danish merchant.[2]

Career and family life in California

Fitch first came to California while serving as a sea captain, from 1826 until 1830, of the María Ester, a Mexican brig that called ports throughout California.[1][2] It was during his journey on the María Ester that he met Josefa Carrillo in San Diego. She was fifteen years old. Fitch expressed romantic interest in Carrillo, and during his return visits to San Diego he would court the girl. In 1827, Fitch asked Carrillo's parents for her hand in marriage.[2]

On April 14, 1829, he was baptized in San Diego, California under the name Enrique Domingo Fitch. The next day, Fitch was to marry Carrillo. Prior to the wedding, Domingo Carrillo, Carrillo's uncle, stopped the wedding on behalf of then governor Jose Maria Echeandia. Later in her life, Carrillo claimed that the Echeandia intended to stop the wedding because he was in love with her, however, historians believe Echeandia stopped the wedding because of his general dislike of Fitch.[2]

Josefa Carrillo Fitch

That evening, Carrillo's cousin, Pio Pico brought her to a ship called the Vulture. The ship left for Valparaiso, Chile, where the two eloped on July 3, 1829. The newlyweds returned to San Diego in July 1830, with a newborn son, Enrique Eduardo. The family would sail up the coast to Santa Cruz on a trade mission. Upon stopping in San Pedro, they received a summons from padre Jose Sanchez claiming that the marriage certificate from Chile was invalid. Fitch ignored the summons and was arrested on August 29, 1830. He was held in San Pedro by General Mariano G. Vallejo, who would eventually marry Carrillo's sister, and therefore become Fitch's brother-in-law. On December 28, an ecclesiastical tribunal ruled that the marriage was legal.[2]

Return to San Diego

For one year, 1830–31, Fitch was captain of the Leonor which transported Mexican convicts. He became a naturalized Mexican citizen in 1833.[1] In Old Town, San Diego, Fitch operated a general store starting in 1833.[2] At his store, he traded tallow, furs, and hides, outfitted hunters, and went on trading voyages on the coast.[1]

In 1835, Fitch became San Diego's first city attorney. Fitch was not fluent in Spanish, therefore he struggled to succeed at the job. He was released from the position in 1836 and in 1837 he was asked to serve as police commissioner. In January 1840, he served as justice of the peace. In 1846, he became alcade of San Diego. Within a year he quit. Historical records note that he did not enjoy public service and repeatedly requested to be relieved of his duties based on language barriers.[2]

During his time in public service, his general store and trade business continued to thrive. He struggled to get repaid by debtors, the most notable debtor being John Sutter.[2]

Ten years later, in 1845, he made the first land survey and map of the pueblo land surrounding San Diego.[1]

Land acquisitions and later career

Fitch became disenfranchised with the trade business, including challenging business relations. He expressed interest in new land settlement opportunities north of San Francisco.[2] In 1841, he was given a 48,000 acre land grant at Rancho Sotoyome in Healdsburg, California in Sonoma County.[1][2] Fitch never actively settled or developed the land in Healdsburg, choosing to continue to work in the trade industry up and down the coast. After gold was found in Northern California, Fitch started planning to relocate the family to Rancho Sotoyome in March 1849. However, Fitch would die before he relocated.[2]

Later life

Fitch died of pneumonia in San Diego in 1849.[2] His body was buried at Presidio of San Diego. His body was the last buried at the site. After his death, his family relocated to Healdsburg.[1]

Legacy

Fitch Mountain in Healdsburg is named after Fitch.[1]

See also

Further reading
  • Miller, Ronald L. Henry Delano Fitch: A Yankee Trader in California: 1826-1840. Los Angeles: University of Southern California (1972).

References
  1. "Captain Henry D. Fitch (1798-1849) - San Diego History Center | San Diego, California | Our City, Our Story". San Diego History Center | San Diego, California | Our City, Our Story. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  2. Clayborn, Hannah. "A San Diego Landlord - Captain Henry Delano Fitch". Our Healdsburg. Retrieved 13 May 2018.

Research resources
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