High Constabulary of the Port of Leith (Leith High Constables)

High Constabulary of the Port of Leith was founded in the late 17th Century,[1] to deal with safety in the royal port and behaviour in streets of the port of Leith near Edinburgh, Scotland. It continues to this day as a ceremonial organisation.

Known as Leith High Constables, the organisation is now an honorary society, supporting the City of Edinburgh Council and the Monarchy.

The Leith High Constables continue in their own society with selected members, convened by a moderator for ceremonial attendance at events, raising charitable donations through annual dinners and other fundraising. There is a specific formal dress code including top-hats, tails, waistcoats and ceremonial batons,[2] and more recently [3] formal dress specified for women High Constables, similar to those of the other High Constables of Scotland, in Edinburgh and in Perth.[4]

The official blazon (coat of arms) of the Leith High Constabulary was not awarded until 2014, by the Court of the Lord Lyon, and includes the coat of arms of Leith itself and the Leith motto 'PERSEVERE'.[5]

Purpose
Modern view of King's Wark, Port of Leith

High Constables were first appointed in 1611, by the magistrates of the ancient Royal Port of Leith,[1] similar to the Edinburgh High Constables were set up as a group to act together to uphold regulations on cleanliness and orderliness, keeping the peace, law and order.[6] Being based in the port, the 50 High Constables here were also expected to stop any pirates or smugglers.[7] High Constables had powers to arrest anyone outside after the night curfew, or found carrying weapons. Prior to a formal police service, Constables were expected to take control during any rioting, disorder, or in cases of bloodshed or even murder, on the streets within their jurisdiction. High Constables were selected and appointed by the baillies and later the Lord Provost. Sometimes, like in 1657, High Constables had to arrest people for breach of the Sabbath - in that case, the Leith bailiies 'bickering'.[8]

Guard of Honour
George IV landing at Leith, 1822

On the occasion of George IV's arrival at the start of first royal visit by the reigning Monarch, in two centuries, ably choreographed by Sir Walter Scott in 1822, the Leith High Constables paraded when King George IV arrived at Leith Harbour. A large ceremonial portrayal of the occasion, was commissioned from Alexander Carse and was hung in the old Leith City Chambers, now occupied by the Leith branch of Police Scotland.[9]

Leith High Constables were guard of honour along Leith Links during the later visit of Queen Victoria in 1842,[10] when their contribution was praised to the Monarch by the Lord Provost: 'In consequence of the universal feeling of satisfaction and joy, which pervaded all classes, aided by the excellent arrangements of the High Constables and Moderators, the utmost regularity and good order prevailed;' [10]

The High Constables would also attend with the Lord Provost at Remembrance Day wreath laying and services,[11] and the annual Festival Parade.

Batons

The use of the Leith High Constables ceremonial batons (being under 100 years old) was raised with Knife Crime Consultation Unit of the Scottish Executive, in July 2005, re The Criminal Justice Act 1988 (Offensive Weapons)(Scotland) Order 2005 Paragraph l(q) of the Schedule, by the High Constables of Edinburgh requesting an amendment of the law to permit their use in the streets of the city.[12]

Social events

As well as an annual dinner, there was a long standing annual excursion sometimes 'in concert' with the High Constables of Edinburgh for example, in 1859 on a visit to Melrose and in 1861 going to the Falls of Clyde.[8]

Members and office bearers (past and present)

In 1907-8 the Leith High Constables Office bearers were:

Moderator John Herdman,

Vice-Moderator John Inglis,

Treasurer James Galloway,

Chaplain John T. Ramage,

Custodier Charles Sanderson,

Surgeon O.H. Garland, M.D., FRCPE,

Secretary George. P. Gallloway, S.S.C., 33 Bernard Street, Leith

In 1972, a former Moderator of Leith High Constables, Andrew Dick Wood published a history of the organisation up to the 1960s.[9] In 1975, John Bottomley became both the Swedish Consul and a High Constable of Leith.[13]

In 1988, the Leith High Constables were photographed being inspected by Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh as they lined Leith Docks, during a Royal Visit.[14]

In 2004, the Edinburgh High Constables (including those from Leith) escorted Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II from the City Chambers, down the Royal Mile High Street in the parade for the opening of the Scottish Parliament.[15]

In 2019-2020 the Leith High Constables Officer bearers and members, had their annual dinner on the Royal Yacht Britannia,[16] the annual dinner continued in 2020, members and guests will next year mark 410 years of an honourable tradition.

Further information about Leith Police

The history of the Port of Leith and the City of Edinburgh developed separately with Leith becoming a Burgh in 1833,[17] and then, despite local opposition,[17] amalgamating with Edinburgh in 1920.[18][19] The High Constables were collaborating to resolve criminal and civil disorderly behaviour in the streets of the capital or the nearby burgh of Leith, and the in-between areas, for some two hundred years before the establishment of the current statutory Police Services.

The Burgh of Leith Police was founded in 1859,[18] and has a challenging tongue twister [20] associated with it, 'the Leith Police dismisseth us' appropriately used as a test for sobriety not only in Leith, but as far afield as Australia, as described for example, for use when blood tests could not be taken in 1937.[21]

References
  1. Mowat, Sue (1994). The port of Leith : its history and its people. Leith, Edinburgh: Forth Ports in association with J. Donald Publishers. ISBN 0-85976-403-6. OCLC 37260466.
  2. Munro, Gordon (2013). "Shining a light on Leith: EICC Conference Call - Summer 2013". conferencecall.eicc.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  3. Advertiser, Perthshire (2018-10-02). "Historic group to move with the times". dailyrecord. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  4. "Society of the High Constables of the City of Perth". www.highconstablesperth.org. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  5. "High Constabulary of the Port of Leith - Coat of arms (crest) of High Constabulary of the Port of Leith". www.heraldry-wiki.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  6. "Edinburgh High Constables - History". www.edinburghhighconstables.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  7. "High Constables - Kindred Societies". www.highconstablesperth.org. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  8. Marwick, Sir James David (1865). Sketch of the History of the High Constables of Edinburgh: With Notes on the Early Watching, Cleaning, and Other Police Arrangements of the City. private circulation.
  9. Wood, Andrew Dick. (1972). The High Constabulary of the Port of Leith; a short history. Loanhead: Macdonald Printers (Edinburgh) Ltd. ISBN 0-9502550-0-9. OCLC 629063.
  10. Queen Victoria in Scotland 1842. Victoria. Black. 1842. pp. 27–28.CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. "Three High Constables of Leith | Lali". Blipfoto. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  12. Letter from Leonard Wallace ex Moderator High Constables of Edinburgh to Knife Crime Consultation Unit 08 July 2005
  13. "Obituary: John Bottomley, company chairman who made Edinburgh his home". www.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  14. Clapperton, R. "Duke of Edinburgh inspects the Leith High Constables at Leith Docks, 27 June 1988". www.edinburghcollected.org. Donor reference 0316-004. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  15. "Edinburgh High Constables - History". www.edinburghhighconstables.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  16. "Scottish Field". www.pressreader.com. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  17. Explore Historic Leith. Leith Local History Society. pp. 10, 14.
  18. "British Police History - Leith Burgh Police". british-police-history.uk. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  19. "The Story of Leith - XXXIII. How Leith was Governed". www.electricscotland.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  20. "The Most Difficult Tongue Twisters". Acting Coach Scotland. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  21. ""The Leith Police Dismisseth Us" New Drunkenness Test Is Tongue-twister". Morning Bulletin (Rockhampton, Qld. : 1878 - 1954). 1937-04-12. p. 7. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
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