Hornsby Plateau

The Hornsby Plateau is a sandstone plateau lying to the north of Sydney Harbour, which rises to 200 metres and is dissected by steep valleys. The plateau is part of a larger geological structure named the Sydney Basin.[1]

The river valleys of the plateau
Coordinates33°46′22″S 151°11′14″E

Geography

The North Shore and the Berowra Valley National Park[2] are located on the Hornsby Plateau. It is separated from the Blue Mountains Plateau by the passage of the Colo River. The plateau rises from the Cumberland Plain in the south along a warp line increasing from the proximity of Cattai to Botany Bay. The plateau's elevation ranges between 200-220 metres, with gullies that fall 80-100 metres deep along drainage lines. Steep slopes with drastic ascension of over 100 metres are present.[3] The soil type is generally lithosols, which have low fertility and are normally less than 500 mm deep.[4]

Geology
Hornsby is situated on the plateau, hence the namesake.

Rock deposits in the Sydney area were tertiary freshwater sediments, which were a rough gravelly layer up to 8 metres thick located beneath silt and sand at a mean depth of 6 metres. As time went by, weathering transformed much of the sandy silt into siliceous clay. At the end of the Tertiary period, or about 80 million years ago, earth movements created an upheaval of 600 metres in most of coastal eastern Australia, due to the rifting and opening of the Tasman Sea. Thus, these movements created the Blue Mountains and Hornsby Plateaux, with the lagging behind of the peneplain becoming the Cumberland Plain.[5]

The plateau was scoured by freshwater streams, which perforated a labyrinth of V-shaped valleys with intruding rocky ridges into the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The drainage activity is ascertained by the Hawkesbury Sandstone's impotence, which were employed by early watercourses. As the creeks carved deeper into the plateau, they began undercutting the sandstone walls of the valley, and as such, blocks of sandstone fell down, thus creating cliff lines.[6]

Due to its hilly topography, the plateau was slow to develop. It has two main sedimentary rock layers: Hawkesbury sandstone, consisting mostly of sandstone, but with some shale, and the overlying Ashfield Shale, which supports richer vegetation. There are also a few volcanic intrusions throughout the plateau.

See also

References
  1. Sydney Basin-Subregions
  2. Geology, topography and soils Friends of Berowra Valley
  3. Geology of the Sydney Basin Sydney Vignerons Association Inc.
  4. Chapman, G.A. & Murphy, C. L. 1989, Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100 000 Sheet, Soil Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney.
  5. Sydney Basin - landform Office of Environment and Heritage (New South Wales)
  6. Herbert, C. & Helby, R. (eds) 1980, A Guide to the Sydney Basin, Dept. of Mineral Resources, Geological Survey of NSW, bulletin no. 26.

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