Howa Type 20

The Howa Type 20 Assault Rifle (20式小銃, ni-maru-shiki-shōjū) is an assault rifle developed for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force by Howa. The first examples were purchased in 2019, and it is intended to eventually replace the Howa Type 89 in general service.[4]

Howa Type 20
The Howa Type 20
TypeAssault rifle
Place of originJapan
Service history
Used byJapan Ground Self-Defense Force
Production history
Designer
  • Harada Toshihiko (Original design)[1]
  • Kei Koyama (Original design)[1]
  • Koji Iwata (Original & current design)[1][2]
  • Kazuhiro Kuroda (Original & current design)[1][2]
Designed2015
ManufacturerHowa
Unit cost¥280,000 (US$2,568.57)[3]
Produced2020–present
Specifications
Mass3.5kg (7.7 lbs)
Length78cm (30.7 in)
Cartridge5.56×45mm NATO
Feed system30 round STANAG magazine
SightsIron sights
Opticial sights can be mounted on rail

History

On May 18, 2020, the Ministry of Defense announced that the rifle would be designated as the Type 20.[5] It was also announced that the Type 20 will first be issued to soldiers in the Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade.[6]

Development

In August 2014, it was reported that the JGSDF was looking for a new rifle to replace the Type 89. Initial candidates to replace the Type 89s include the Heckler & Koch G36, Heckler & Koch HK416, Steyr AUG, FN SCAR, and a new rifle developed by Howa.[7]

In 2015, the Ministry of Defense (Japan) procured various foreign made rifles for testing purposes and contracted with Howa to test their domestic rifle. The procurement contract is shown as:[8]

2014 Monthly contract information / voluntary contract (above standard) (Excel file) (Translated to English)
NameQuantityContract dayPrice (¥)
Small arms (for testing) (M type) 3 1/29/2015 5,853,600
Small arms (for test) (S type, 516) 8 2/2/2015 12,798,000
Small arms (for testing) (S type, 716) 7 2/2/2015 11,394,000
Test small arms (domestic) 1 2/23/2015 98,425,800
Small arms (for testing) (G type, V) 5 3/13/2015 2,311,200
Small arms (for testing) (HK type) 5 3/13/2015 6,858,000
Small arms (for testing) (SC type, H) 5 3/31/2015 5,508,000
Small arms (for test) (SC type, L) 5 3/31/2015 4,398,840

The small arms "S type, 516 and 716" are the SIG516 and SIG716, "G type, V" is the G36V, "HK type" is likely the HK416 or HK417, and "SC type, H and L" is the SCAR-H and SCAR-L. It is unknown what rifle is small arms "M type".[9]

At the same time, Howa filed a patent on the design for their rifle on 15 May 2015. Furthermore, the design was patented under Japan's Design Act (Article 14) which allows the design to be kept in secret for up to three years.[1][10][11] An updated design was later patented under the same law on 25 September 2015.[2][12]

In 2018, the Ministry of Defense procured another batch of small arms for testing. The procurement contract is shown as:[8]

2018 Monthly contract information / voluntary contract (above standard) (Excel file) (Translated to English)
NameQuantityContract dayPrice (¥)
Test small arms (YS type) 8 5/30/2018 10,411,200
Test small arms (K type) 8 6/1/2018 50,137,920
Test small arms (YH type) 8 7/10/2018 14,715,000

The rifles were later revealed to be the Type 20, HK416 and SCAR-L following an announcement on 6 December 2019 that the Type 20 has been selected over the other two rifles.[13] A follow up report stated that two evaluations were conducted on the rifle in 2018. The first evaluation focused on the weapon's performance on land such as effective range and accuracy. The second evaluation compared the weapon's performance, logistics and cost to the other two rifles.

Since all three rifles satisfied the JGSDF's requirements, the Type 20 was selected due to having the highest score based on the second evaluation. The unit price for mass production is stated to be at ¥280,000 including maintenance and operation costs. The estimated life cycle cost is ¥43.9 billion if 150,000 units are procured.[14]

The first batch of rifles (3,283 units) were purchased for ¥900 million in the 2020 defense budget.[15]

Design

The Type 20 is said to possess better environment durability, fire power and extensibility over the Type 89.[15] One key difference it has over the Type 89 is the addition of multiple rails; making it the first Japanese rifle to have this feature as a standard design. The magazine is also believed to be STANAG compatible.[16] The rifle features a telescoping stock, vertical forward grip, an ambidextrous safety selector, and appears to operate via short-stroke piston.[10]

Compared to the original design, the current design of the Type 20 retains much of the same characteristics with only some notable changes. The barrel length has been shortened slightly and the hand guard has been redesigned to feature an M-LOK rail design.[12][17] The side rails have been extended, fold-able iron sights were added and the stock features a shoulder pad similarly seen on the HK416.[12]

Because of the radical and modern design shift the rifle has over its predecessor, there is some speculations on how it got its design. One speculation is that the design was possibly influenced by various foreign made rifles; as Japan has experience procuring and utilizing a number of foreign rifles, i.e. the Special Forces Group. As such, the design of the Type 20 has been compared to the FN SCAR, CZ 805 BREN and Heckler & Koch HK433;[9][10][16] with some observers believing the rifle possesses similar dimensions and functionality to the SCAR.[17][18] Another design influence is speculated to come from the experience Howa has gained from developing the ACIES variants of the Type 89.[9][16]

The rifle is compatible with an underbarrel bayonet, and, according to a Ministry of Defense press conference, the rifle can be used with the Beretta GLX-160 grenade launcher.[6]

Users

 Japan - In December 2019, the Japan Self-Defense Forces selected the Type 20 as a replacement for their earlier Howa Type 89, winning over the Heckler & Koch HK416 and FN SCAR. 3,283 rifles were purchased in 2020, for $9 million.[19]

See also

References
  1. "意匠登録1526204". J-PlatPat. 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  2. "意匠登録1558395". J-Platpat. 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  3. "New 5.56m assault rifle Howa Type 20 for Japan Ground Self Defense Forces". Army Recognition.
  4. Moss, Matthew. "FIRST LOOK: Japan's New Type 20 Rifle". The Firearm Blog.
  5. https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN5L5TJYN5KUTIL01C.html
  6. "FIRST LOOK: Japan's New Type 20 Rifle". The Firearm Blog. 18 May 2020.
  7. "JGSDF considers introduction of new rifle". Tokyo D&A Review. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  8. "Disclosure of information on contracts (for central procurement)". Ministry of Defense (Japan). Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  9. "自衛隊の次世代型モジュラーライフルを考える（前編） ― 「ポスト89式」を巡るこれまでの議論を基に". JISAKUJIEN.org. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  10. Chaka (4 July 2018). "豊和工業が出願していた新型自動小銃らしきものの意匠が公開". Military Blog. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  11. "Design Act". Japanese Law Translation. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  12. Chaka (28 August 2019). "自衛隊新制式小銃らしき銃の意匠登録を豊和工業が更新". Military Blog. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  13. "新小銃・新拳銃の決定について". Ministry of Defense (Japan). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  14. "新たな重要装備品等の選定結果について". Ministry of Defense (Japan). 26 December 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  15. "Defense Programs and Budget of Japan(Draft) Overview of JFY2020 Budget" (PDF). Ministry of Defense (Japan). August 2019. p. 20. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  16. Nash, Ed (11 December 2019). "JAPANESE SELF DEFENCE FORCE SELECTS NEW RIFLE AND PISTOL; NEW MG ALSO LIKELY". Military Matters. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  17. "陸上自衛隊の新小銃(HOWA 5.56)・新拳銃(H&K SFP9)が決定!". hyperdouraku. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  18. Juraszek, Przemyslaw (30 January 2020). "Weapons: Japan Upgrades Small Arms". StrategyPage. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  19. "Japanese ground forces get new small arms". Asian Military Review.
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