Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov

Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (Russian: Илларио́н Ива́нович Воронцов-Дашков; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a notable representative of the Vorontsov family. He served as Minister of Imperial Properties in 1881-97 and the Governor General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) in 1905–15.

Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
Илларион Иванович Воронцов-Дашков
Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov
Born(1837-05-27)27 May 1837
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died15 January 1916(1916-01-15) (aged 78)
Alupka, Russian Empire
Allegiance Russian Empire
Service/branchImperial Russian Army
Years of service1856–1916
RankGeneral of the Cavalry
Commands heldRussian Caucasus Army
Battles/warsCaucasian War
Russo-Turkish War
Revolution of 1905
World War I
Awardssee below

Career

Illarion Vorontsov was born on 27 May 1837 in St. Petersburg. He took part in the conquest of Central Asia in the 1860s and was appointed Major General in 1866. He was in charge of the Hussar regiment of the Leub Guard in 1867–74. He was on friendly terms with the future Alexander III of Russia and, following his father's assassination, established a counter-revolutionary squad, or "holy druzhina", whose members included Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev, and Mikhail Katkov.

Alexander III put Vorontsov-Dashkov in charge of the imperial court and made him Full General of Cavalry. He also was made responsible for imperial stud farms and vineyards. Following Nicholas II's coronation, he was dislodged from the office of Minister of Imperial Properties but was appointed to the State Council of Imperial Russia instead. The Russian Revolution of 1905 recalled Vorontsov to active service, and he ascended to the helm of the Viceroyalty of the Caucasus.[1]

His job drove him close to a mental breakdown. On 21 November 1905 twenty-five Azeris were shot by Armenians in Tiflis. Illarion was so desperate he gave 500 guns to the Mensheviks to keep the peace.[2]

He was officially in charge of the victorious Russian forces in the Battle of Sarikamish during the early months of World War I, although the effective command lay with General Alexander Myshlayevsky. In September 1915 he was removed from command and replaced with Grand Duke Nicholas.[3] He died on 15 January 1916 in his Vorontsov Palace.

Family

He married in 1867 Countess Elizaveta Andreevna Shuvalova, daughter of Count Andrei Petrovich Shuvalov. His youngest son Alexander's descendants represent the only continuation of the Vorontsov family in the male line.

Awards and honours
Vorontsov-Dashkov's villa in Pargolovo near St. Petersburg
Russian decorations[4]
Foreign decorations[4]

Ancestry

References
  1. W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921, 242
  2. Simon Sebag Montefiore, Young Stalin, page 122.
  3. W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921, 322
  4. Russian Imperial Army - Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (In Russian)
  5. Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1869), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 28
  6. Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 61
  7. M. Wattel, B. Wattel. (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 516. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  8. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 43
  9. "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1890, pp. 86, 98, 130, 185, retrieved 10 July 2020
  10. Sveriges Statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 440, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  11. Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1912) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1912 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1912] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 4, 17. Retrieved 30 April 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  12. Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 624.
  13. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 64
  14. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche-Orden" p. 25
  15. Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 131
  16. "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1900. p. 176. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  17. Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 422
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