Immigration in Île-de-France
The Île-de-France region is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 35% of people (4 million) living in the region were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).[3]
| 2015 Census Paris Region[1][2] | |
|---|---|
| Country/territory of birth | Population |
 Metropolitan France | 9,165,570 |
 Algeria | 310,019 |
 Portugal | 243,490 |
 Morocco | 241,403 |
 Tunisia | 117,161 |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Guadeloupe | 80,062 |
 Martinique | 77,300 |
 Turkey | 69,835 |
 China | 67,540 |
 Mali | 60,438 |
 Italy | 56,692 |
 Côte d'Ivoire | 55,022 |
 Senegal | 52,758 |
 Romania | 49,124 |
 Democratic Republic of Congo | 47,091 |
 Spain | 47,058 |
 Sri Lanka | 42,016 |
 Cameroon | 41,749 |
 Poland | 38,550 |
 Republic of the Congo | 36,354 |
 Haiti | 35,855 |
 Vietnam | 35,139 |
 Cambodia | 31,258 |
 Réunion | 28,869 |
 India | 26,507 |
 Serbia | 26,119 |
 Germany | 21,620 |
 Lebanon | 20,375 |
 Mauritius | 19,506 |
 Madagascar | 19,281 |
 Pakistan | 18,801 |
 United Kingdom | 18,209 |
 Russia | 18,022 |
 United States | 17,548 |
 Other countries and territories | 846,914 |
If the region, primary seat of French political and economic power for centuries, has always attracted immigrants, modern immigration can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century when France emerged as an immigration destination[4] with Eastern European Jews fleeing persecutions, and Southern Europeans (mostly Italians) and Belgians seeking better economic conditions. During the first half of the 20th century, immigrants were mostly Europeans, but after decolonisation, and during the French post-war economic boom, many immigrants came from former French colonies (chiefly the Magreb and West Africa). At the 2010 census, 23.0% of the total population in the Île-de-France region were born outside of Metropolitan France, up from 19.7% at the 1999 census.[5]
Among these people born outside Metropolitan France, 1,611,989 were immigrants (see definition below the table), making up 14.7% of the region's total population.[6] INSEE estimated that on 1 January 2005, the number of immigrants in the region had reached 1,916,000, making up 16.7% of its total population.[7] This is an increase of 304,000 immigrants in slightly less than six years.
According to a study in 2009, nearly 56% of all newborns in the region in 2007 had at least one parent originated from sub-Saharan Africa, Turkey, Maghreb or Overseas departments and territories of France.[8]
People under 18 of foreign origin
In 2005, 37% of young people under 18 were of foreign origin (at least one immigrant parent) in Île-de-France, including a quarter of African origin (Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa).[9][10]
People under 18 of Maghrebi, sub-Saharan and Turkish origin became a majority in several cities of the region (Clichy-sous-Bois, Mantes-la-Jolie, Grigny, Saint-Denis, Les Mureaux, Saint-Ouen, Sarcelles, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Garges-lès-Gonesse, Aubervilliers, Stains, Gennevilliers et Épinay-sur-Seine). Young people of Maghrebi origin comprised about 12% of the population of the region, 22% of that of département of the Seine-Saint-Denis district, and 37% of the 18th arrondissement of Paris. In Grigny, 31% of young people are of sub-Saharan origin[11]
In the département of Seine-Saint-Denis (population 1.5 million), 56.7% of people under 18 are of foreign origin, including 38% of African origin. Islam is the main religion.[12]
| % people under 18 (2005) | Paris | Seine-Saint-Denis | Val-de-Marne | Val-d'Oise | France |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All origins | 41.30% | 56.7% | 39.90% | 37.90% | 18.10% |
| Maghreb | 12.1% | 22.0% | 13.2% | 13.0% | 6.9% |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 9.9% | 16.0% | 10.8% | 9.1% | 3.0% |
| Turkey | 0.6% | 2.7% | 1.2% | 3.1% | 1.4% |
| South Europe | 4.0% | 4.0% | 5.5% | 4.8% | 2.6% |
| Census | Born in Île-de-France | Born in the rest of Metropolitan France | Born in Overseas France | Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth[a] | Immigrants[b] | ||||
| 2010 | 56.2% | 20.8% | 1.8% | 3.5% | 17.7% | ||||
| from Europe | from the Maghreb[c] | from the rest of Africa | from the rest of the world | ||||||
| 4.9% | 5.2% | 3.5% | 4.1% | ||||||
| 1999 | 55.4% | 24.9% | 1.8% | 3.2% | 14.7% | ||||
| from Europe | from the Maghreb[c] | from the rest of Africa | from the rest of the world | ||||||
| 5.1% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 3.1% | ||||||
| 1990 | 54.1% | 26.3% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 14.0% | ||||
| 1982 | 52.7% | 28.4% | 1.7% | 3.9% | 13.3% | ||||
| 1975 | 51.7% | 31.2% | 1.0% | 3.9% | 12.2% | ||||
| 1968 | 52.1% | 33.2% | 0.5% | 4.0% | 10.2% | ||||
| ^a Persons born abroad of one or two French parents, such as Pieds-Noirs, children of French expatriates, and children of dual-citizens. ^b An immigrant is by French definition a person born in a foreign country and who didn't have French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still listed as an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. ^c Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia | |||||||||
| Source: INSEE[13][14][15] | |||||||||
Notes and references
- INSEE. "Individus localisés à la région en 2015 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail" (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-08.
- INSEE. "IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2015 - Région d'Île-de-France (11)" (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-08.
- Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France Archived 2011-10-28 at the Wayback Machine, IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531
- Large and dynamic economy with high human rights standards (and extensive social benefits after 1945) and a tradition of assimilation, France has widely been seen as a magnet for immigrants
- "Fichier Données harmonisées des recensements de la population de 1968 à 2010" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
- INSEE, Government of France. "IMG2 – Lieux de naissance à l'étranger selon la nationalité" (in French). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- INSEE, Government of France. "Tableau de synthèse sur le nombre d'étrangers et d'immigrés" (XLS) (in French). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- Bardakdjian-Michau J, Bahuau M, Hurtrel D, et al. (January 2009). "Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in France". J. Clin. Pathol. 62 (1): 31–3. doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.058867. PMID 19103855.
- Michèle Tribalat, Revue Commentaire, juin 2009, n°127
- Michèle Tribalat, Les yeux grands fermés, Denoël, 2010
- Michèle Tribalat, Immigration et démographie des pays d’accueil, in Christophe Jaffrelot et Christian Lequesne L'Enjeu mondial, Presses de Sciences Po | Annuels 2009, pages 29 à 35
- Michèle Tribalat, Michèle Tribalat : "L'islam reste une menace", Le Monde, 13 octobre 2011
- INSEE. "Fichier Données harmonisées des recensements de la population de 1968 à 2010" (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-01.
- INSEE. "IMG1B – Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance" (in French). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- INSEE. "D_FD_IMG2 – Base France par départements – Lieux de naissance à l'étranger selon la nationalité" (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-06-26.