Imuta-ike

Imuta-ike (藺牟田池) is a freshwater caldera lake in Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It forms part of Imutaike Prefectural Natural Park. Its plant communities were designated a Natural Monument of Japan in 1921 and sixty hectares of wetlands were designated a Ramsar Site in 2005.[2][3][4]

Imuta-ike
Imuta-ike
LocationKagoshima Prefecture
Coordinates31°49′N 130°28′E
Typecaldera lake
Surface area0.63 square kilometres (63 ha)
Max. depth2.7 metres (8.9 ft)
Water volume0.0005 cubic kilometres (18,000,000 cu ft)
Surface elevation295 metres (968 ft)
Designated8 November 2005
Reference no.1544[1]

Geography

Imuta-ike is surrounded by mountains; Funamidake (498.8 metres (1,636 ft)), San-o-dake (491 metres (1,611 ft)), Katagi-yama (508.8 metres (1,669 ft)), Tōmigashiro (477 metres (1,565 ft)), Ī-moriyama (432 metres (1,417 ft), known due to its beauty also as Imuta-fuji), and there is no incoming large river. The outgoing water flows into Sendai River and Hiwagi River. Imuta-ike is in the last stage of the lake-pond formation cycle and is shrinking with the deposition of sediment. The colour of the pond is brown, 14 on the Forel-Ule scale, and its pH is 6.8; the water of the pond contains organic substances.[5] There are many cherry trees around the pond. About one third of its area, to the northwest, is wetland; dotted by floating islands composed of peat. This is very rare in warm areas and the pond was designated a Natural Monument as the "peat forming vegetation of Imuta-ike" in 1921.[4]

Biota

On the surface of the pond, phragmites and wild rice grow thick and in the water, there are brasenia, nymphaea tetragona, water caltrop. As for fish, species include Zacco platypus (Oikawa (追河)), Black bass, Carassius langsdorfii and Oryzias latipes. A rare dragonfly, Libellula angelina is found, leading to the pond's selection as a Ramsar Site.

Sinanodonta woodiana in Imuta-ike
Libellula angelina

History

Between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago, there were groups of lava domes, 4 km from east to west and 7 km from north to south. The centre of the domes was depressed forming a caldera. The lava dome formed Iimori-yama. The depression collected water and Imuta-ike was formed.

Prior to the Taishō era (1912–1926), Imuta-ike was known for the growth of common rushes (Juncus effusus), the raw material for tatami mats. In autumn, villagers used to cut and bundle rushes. Between 1741 and 1763, a 380-meter tunnel water lane was made at the eastern end of the pond, and 15 hectares of rice fields were made. In 1953, Imuta-ike was made a Prefectural Natural Park.

Peat forming vegetation
Aerial photograph, 1974
Imuta volcano

See also

References
  1. "Imuta-ike". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. "The Annotated Ramsar List: Japan". Ramsar. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  3. "Ramsar Sites in Japan – Imutaike" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  4. "藺牟田池の泥炭形成植物群落" [Imuta-ike Peatland Plant Communities] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  5. Masaaki Tanaka Nihon Koshoushi 2 2004, University of Nagoya Press ,ISBN 4-8158-0492-3
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