Interferon-stimulated gene

An interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) is a gene whose expression is stimulated by interferon. Interferon activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to induce transcription of ISGs. ISGs can be divided based on what class of interferon they are activated by: type I, type II, or type III interferon.[1] The protein products of ISGs control pathogen infections.

Specifically, type I and type III interferons are antiviral cytokines, triggering ISGs that combat viral infections.[2] Type I interferons are also involved in bacterial infections; however, they can have both beneficial and harmful effects.[3] The type II interferon class only has one cytokine (IFN-γ), which has some antiviral activity, but is more important in establishing cellular immunity through activating macrophages and promoting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.[4]

See also

References
  1. Schneider WM, Chevillotte MD, Rice CM (2014-03-21). "Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses". Annual Review of Immunology. 32 (1): 513–45. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120231. PMC 4313732. PMID 24555472.
  2. Schoggins JW (2018-03-12). "Recent advances in antiviral interferon-stimulated gene biology". F1000Research. 7: 309. doi:10.12688/f1000research.12450.1. PMC 5850085. PMID 29568506.
  3. Ivashkiv, Lionel B.; Donlin, Laura T. (January 2014). "Regulation of type I interferon responses". Nature Reviews Immunology. 14 (1): 36–49. doi:10.1038/nri3581. ISSN 1474-1733. PMC 4084561. PMID 24362405.
  4. Takaoka A, Yanai H (June 2006). "Interferon signalling network in innate defence". Cellular Microbiology. 8 (6): 907–22. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00716.x. PMID 16681834.
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