Intruder state

In quantum and theoretical chemistry, an intruder state is a particular situation arising in perturbative evaluations, where the energy of the perturbers is comparable in magnitude to the energy associated to the zero order wavefunction. In this case, a divergent behavior occurs, due to the nearly zero denominator in the expression of the perturbative correction.

Multi-reference wavefunction methods are not immune.[1][2] There are ways to identity them.[3][4] The natural orbitals of the perturbation expansion are a useful diagnostic for detecting intruder state effects.[5] Sometimes what appears to be an intruder state is simply a change in basis.[1][6]

References
  1. Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Gordon, Mark S.; Nakano, Haruyuki (1999). "A study of FeCO+ with correlated wavefunctions". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 1 (6): 967–975. Bibcode:1999PCCP....1..967G. doi:10.1039/a808518h.
  2. Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Govind, Niranjan; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Kowalski, Karol (2010). "EOMCC, MRPT, and TDDFT Studies of Charge Transfer Processes in Mixed-Valence Compounds: Application to the Spiro Molecule†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 114 (33): 8764–8771. Bibcode:2010JPCA..114.8764G. doi:10.1021/jp101761d. PMID 20540550.
  3. Choe, Yoong-Kee; Witek, Henryk A.; Finley, James P.; Hirao, Kimihiko (2001). "Identifying and removing intruder states in multireference Mo̸ller–Plesset perturbation theory". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 114 (9): 3913–3918. Bibcode:2001JChPh.114.3913C. doi:10.1063/1.1345510.
  4. Camacho, Cristopher; Witek, Henryk A.; Yamamoto, Shigeyoshi (2009). "Intruder states in multireference perturbation theory: The ground state of manganese dimer". Journal of Computational Chemistry. 30 (3): 468–478. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1010.7287. doi:10.1002/jcc.21074. PMID 18680217.
  5. Gordon, Mark S.; Schmidt, Michael W.; Chaban, Galina M.; Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Stevens, Walter J.; Gonzalez, Carlos (1999). "A natural orbital diagnostic for multiconfigurational character in correlated wave functions". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 110 (9): 4199–4207. Bibcode:1999JChPh.110.4199G. doi:10.1063/1.478301.
  6. Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Schmidt, Michael W. (2010). "On the Ordering of Orbital Energies in High-Spin ROHF†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 114 (33): 8772–8777. Bibcode:2010JPCA..114.8772G. doi:10.1021/jp101758y. PMID 20443582.


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