Jagdish Narayan

Jagdish Narayan[1] is an Indian-born American engineer. Since 2001, he has served as the John C. C. Fan Family Distinguished Chair Professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department at North Carolina State University. He is also the distinguished visiting scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Narayan has published above 500 high-impact journal articles, with his discoveries covered in over 40 US and international patents. His body of work can be segregated into highly nonequilibrium laser processing of novel nanomaterials, including Q-carbon, Q-BN,[2] diamond and c-BN related materials. These research articles have received over 31,000 Google Citations with h-index >85.[3] Narayan and his students discovered Q-carbon as the new allotrope, thereby finding a new route to fabricate diamond and related materials in ambient conditions, resulting in properties and applications ranging from high-temperature superconductivity in Boron-doped Q-carbon[4] to hardness than diamond in Q-carbon to enhanced field-emission in Q-carbon[5] to Nitrogen-doped nanodiamonds[6][7] for quantum computing, nanosensing and solid-state devices.

Jagdish Narayan
Born
Kanpur, India
NationalityIndian
Other namesJay Narayan
CitizenshipUnited States
OccupationProfessor
EmployerNorth Carolina State University
Known forQ-carbon, Domain matching epitaxy, Laser annealing
Children1

Early life and education

Jagdish Narayan came to the United States in 1969 from India.[8] After completion of his bachelor's degree (with Distinction and Honors) from IIT Kanpur, India,[9] he joined UC Berkeley in 1969 and finished his MS (1970) and PhD (1971) in materials science and engineering in two years. His doctoral thesis led to the publication of a dozen papers on defects and diffusion phenomena in archival journals. His minors at Berkeley were physics, electrical and computer engineering. Narayan has continued his research at the interfaces of these disciplines of materials science, physics, electrical and computer engineering.

Professional career

After finishing his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley, Narayan was appointed as research metallurgist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory[10] from 1971–1972. He later moved to the Solid State Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where he served as a senior scientist and group leader of the Thin Films and Electron Microscopy Group (1972–84). In 1984, he joined the North Carolina State University as NC Microelectronics Professor and director of the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina. His multi-faceted approach and contributions to research and teaching led to his appointment as a Distinguished University Professor in 1989. In 2001, he was appointed as the John C. Fan Distinguished Chair Professor. He also served as director of the Division of Materials Research (DMR) of US National Foundation (1990–92). Under his leadership, National Science Foundation launched a highly successful Presidential Initiative on Advanced Materials and Processing, which led to him receiving NSF's Distinguished Service Award.[11] He has mentored over 80 PhDs, who are highly successful in the field of synthesis and processing of novel nanomaterials, atomic- and nanoscale materials characterization, structure-property correlations, modeling and devices.

Research

With the discovery of nanosecond laser annealing, Narayan has pioneered developments in laser-solid interactions and transient thermal processing of nanomaterials and epitaxial thin films. With the development of pulsed laser deposition technique and domain matching epitaxy paradigm, he formed relaxed stoichiometric thin films on industrially relevant substrates across the misfit scale. These developments in materials fabrication technology resulted in fabrication of novel multifunctional materials like supersaturated semiconductor alloys, metal-ceramic nanocomposites, and laser-diffused solar cells.

While working on laser annealing[12][13] of semiconductor alloys, Narayan touted it as the technique of choice for achieving temporal and spatial control on the dopant concentration in doped semiconductors.[14] This technique resulted in the discovery of Q-carbon and Q-BN and conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond and h-BN into c-BN[15][16] at ambient conditions are important in paving the pathway towards facile synthesis of diamond and cBN derivatives. The key aspect of this discovery is the generation of carbon melt in a super undercooled state (over 1000 K) below the normal melting point, followed with ultrafast quenching to form a new phase of carbon (named Q-carbon). On decreasing the undercooling, the formation of the relatively lower energy state i.e. diamond occurs. The subsequent work in materials processing and controlled laser annealing resulted in developments reported in: ACS Nano;[17][18] ACS Applied Nano Materials;[19] Applied Physics Letters;[20][21][22] Journal of Applied Physics;[23][24] Materials Research Letters;[25] MRS Communications.[26][27]

Research impact

Narayan developed domain matching epitaxy (DME),[28][29] which involves matching of integral multiples of lattice planes, addressing the epitaxial growth of heterostructures across the misfit scale. Domain matching epitaxy led to the integration of oxides and III-nitrides on industrially relevant (100) Si and sapphire substrates (US Patent # 7,803,717) (US Patents # 5,406,123 & 6,955,985).

His research group at NC State focuses on the controlled fabrication and processing of novel nanomaterials utilizing the pulsed laser deposition using PLD and Laser MBE units, thermal processing of materials using nanosecond laser annealing and generating new epitaxial heterostructures across the misfit scale, utilizing domain matching epitaxy. The fabrication approach is complemented with the high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy for analysis of defects and interfaces at atomic-scale to correlate the device performance with atomic structure. This approach of materials synthesis via non-equilibrium techniques and understanding the intricate structure-property correlations have led to the discovery of Q-carbon and Q-BN: the new densely-packed amorphous allotropes in carbon and boron nitride far from equilibrium.[26] The doping of Boron in Q-carbon has resulted in polyamorphism and type-II high-temperature superconductivity in B-doped Q-carbon with superconducting transition temperature of 55 K[4]

Utilizing the DME epitaxial paradigm,[29] the group integrated VO2 with Si for development of smart infrared sensors on a single computer chip. These research developments, especially in III-Nitrides were recognized by the American Institute of Physics for the Nobel Prize in Physics on blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) made from Gallium Nitride-based materials.[30][31] One of the key research work[32] was singled out by the American Institute of Physics with the focus on the development of GaN-based materials used in the Nobel Laureates’ work. His invention of Nano-Pocket LEDs is the key architecture utilized in the efficient Gallium Nitride-based light emitting diodes. In the late 1970s Narayan pioneered in solute trapping of dopants in semiconductor materials with his discoveries of nanosecond laser annealing.[33] This extensive solute trapping above the retrograde solubility limits resulted in formation of supersaturated semiconductor alloys used in current integrated circuits.[12][34] This discovery resulted in him receiving US Department of Energy award in 1981 and IR-100 award in 1983. In 2011, Acta Materialia bestowed the Gold Medal to Narayan for acting as a pioneer in solid state materials science and his leadership worldwide. The idea that solute trapping can be utilized to fabricate novel materials was introduced by John Cahn in the early 1970s, which resulted in the development of quasicrystals on Mn solute trapping in Al-Mn alloys and eventual 2011 Nobel prize award to Dan Schetman for his work on quasicrystals.

Honors and awards

References
  1. "Jay Narayan". Materials Science and Engineering. 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  2. Narayan, Jagdish; Bhaumik, Anagh; Xu, Weizong (2016-05-09). "Direct conversion of h-BN into c-BN and formation of epitaxial c-BN/diamond heterostructures". Journal of Applied Physics. 119 (18): 185302. Bibcode:2016JAP...119r5302N. doi:10.1063/1.4948688. ISSN 0021-8979.
  3. "Jay Narayan – Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  4. Bhaumik, Anagh; Sachan, Ritesh; Gupta, Siddharth; Narayan, Jagdish (2017-12-26). "Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity (Tc = 55 K) in B-Doped Q-Carbon". ACS Nano. 11 (12): 11915–11922. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b06888. ISSN 1936-0851. PMID 29116751.
  5. Haque, Ariful; Narayan, Jagdish (2018-06-01). "Electron field emission from Q-carbon". Diamond and Related Materials. 86: 71–78. Bibcode:2018DRM....86...71H. doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2018.04.008. ISSN 0925-9635.
  6. Narayan, Jagdish; Bhaumik, Anagh (2017-07-04). "Novel synthesis and properties of pure and NV-doped nanodiamonds and other nanostructures". Materials Research Letters. 5 (4): 242–250. doi:10.1080/21663831.2016.1249805.
  7. 10240251, Narayan, Jagdish, "United States Patent: 10240251 – Synthesis and processing of pure and NV nanodiamonds and other nanostructures for quantum computing and magnetic sensing applications", issued March 26, 2019
  8. "Previous Distinguished Alumni Awardees4". iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  9. "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", Wikipedia, 2019-09-22, retrieved 2019-10-07
  10. "Berkeley Lab — Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory". lbl.gov. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  11. "TMS news". JOM. 50 (2): 61–68. 1998-02-01. Bibcode:1998JOM....50b..61.. doi:10.1007/s11837-998-0252-3. ISSN 1543-1851.
  12. White, C. W.; Narayan, J.; Young, R. T. (1979-05-04). "Laser Annealing of Ion-Implanted Semiconductors". Science. 204 (4392): 461–468. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..461W. doi:10.1126/science.204.4392.461. ISSN 0036-8075.
  13. NARAYAN, J.; GODBOLE, V. P.; WHITE, C. W. (1991-04-19). "Laser Method for Synthesis and Processing of Continuous Diamond Films on Nondiamond Substrates". Science. 252 (5004): 416–418. Bibcode:1991Sci...252..416N. doi:10.1126/science.252.5004.416. ISSN 0036-8075.
  14. 4147563, Narayan, Jagdish & Rosa T. Young, "United States Patent: 4147563 – Method for forming p-n junctions and solar-cells by laser-beam processing", issued April 3, 1979
  15. "United States Patent Application: 0170037540". appft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  16. "United States Patent Application: 0170037534". appft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  17. Bhaumik, Anagh; Sachan, Ritesh; Gupta, Siddharth; Narayan, Jagdish (2017-11-10). "Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity (Tc = 55 K) in B-Doped Q-Carbon". ACS Nano. 11 (12): 11915–11922. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b06888. ISSN 1936-0851.
  18. Brownlee, Christen (2017-11-28). "In Nano". ACS Nano. 11 (11): 10633–10636. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b08070. ISSN 1936-0851.
  19. Lee, T. Randall; Schanze, Kirk S. (2018-01-26). "Introducing ACS Applied Nano Materials". ACS Applied Nano Materials. 1 (1): 1. doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b00027. ISSN 2574-0970.
  20. Bhaumik, Anagh; Narayan, Jagdish (2018-05-28). "Electrochromic effect in Q-carbon". Applied Physics Letters. 112 (22): 223104. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.112v3104B. doi:10.1063/1.5023613. ISSN 0003-6951.
  21. Narayan, Jagdish; Bhaumik, Anagh (October 2015). "Research Update: Direct conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond at ambient pressures and temperatures in air". APL Materials. 3 (10): 100702. Bibcode:2015APLM....3j0702N. doi:10.1063/1.4932622. ISSN 2166-532X.
  22. Mahan, G. D. (October 2016). "Introduction to thermoelectrics". APL Materials. 4 (10): 104806. Bibcode:2016APLM....4j4806M. doi:10.1063/1.4954055. ISSN 2166-532X.
  23. Narayan, Jagdish; Bhaumik, Anagh (2015-12-07). "Novel phase of carbon, ferromagnetism, and conversion into diamond". Journal of Applied Physics. 118 (21): 215303. Bibcode:2015JAP...118u5303N. doi:10.1063/1.4936595. ISSN 0021-8979.
  24. Diaham, S; Locatelli, M-L (2013-04-18). "Dielectric properties of polyamide-imide". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 46 (18): 185302. Bibcode:2013JPhD...46r5302D. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/18/185302. ISSN 0022-3727.
  25. Ublekov, F.; Budurova, D.; Staneva, M.; Natova, M.; Penchev, H. (May 2018). "Self-supporting electrospun PHB and PHBV/organoclay nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds". Materials Letters. 218: 353–356. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.02.056. ISSN 0167-577X.
  26. Narayan, Jagdish; Gupta, Siddharth; Bhaumik, Anagh; Sachan, Ritesh; Cellini, Filippo; Riedo, Elisa (2018-03-19). "Q-carbon harder than diamond". MRS Communications. 8 (2): 428–436. doi:10.1557/mrc.2018.35. ISSN 2159-6859.
  27. Gupta, Siddharth; Sachan, Ritesh; Bhaumik, Anagh; Pant, Punam; Narayan, Jagdish (2018-04-26). "Undercooling driven growth of Q-carbon, diamond, and graphite". MRS Communications. 8 (2): 533–540. doi:10.1557/mrc.2018.76. ISSN 2159-6859.
  28. Narayan, J.; Larson, B. C. (January 2003). "Domain epitaxy: A unified paradigm for thin film growth". Journal of Applied Physics. 93 (1): 278–285. Bibcode:2003JAP....93..278N. doi:10.1063/1.1528301. ISSN 0021-8979.
  29. 6955985, Narayan, Jagdish, "United States Patent: 6955985 – Domain epitaxy for thin film growth", issued October 18, 2005
  30. 7803717, Rawdanowicz, Thomas A. & Jagdish Narayan, "United States Patent: 7803717 – Growth and integration of epitaxial gallium nitride films with silicon-based devices", issued September 28, 2010
  31. 7122841, Oh, Tchang-Hun; Hong K. Choi & John C. C. Fan et al., "United States Patent: 7122841 – Bonding pad for gallium nitride-based light-emitting devices", issued October 17, 2006
  32. Mihssin, N.; Oppong, F. C.; Daniel, F.; Brodribb, A. J. M. (July 2000). "Prospective audit following the introduction of short-course preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer". British Journal of Surgery. 87 (7): 965. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01481.x. ISSN 0007-1323.
  33. "ORNL Review" (PDF). 1983.
  34. Glitzenstein, E. R. (1991-07-19). "Response". Science. 253 (5017): 252. doi:10.1126/science.253.5017.252. ISSN 0036-8075.
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  37. "Narayan Receives UNC Board of Governors' Highest Faculty Honor | UNC System Office". northcarolina.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
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  41. "Narayan honored by U of North Carolina | Asian American Press". aapress.com. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  42. "Prof. Jagdish Narayan, the Awardee of the Lee Hsun Lecture Award Visits IMR----Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences". english.imr.cas.cn. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  43. "List of MRS Fellows | Materials science awards". mrs.org. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  44. Narayan, Jagdish (2005-02-01). "New frontiers in thin film growth and nanomaterials". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 36 (2): 277–294. doi:10.1007/s11661-005-0301-2. ISSN 1543-1940.
  45. "Recipients: Fellow Class of 1999". tms.org. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  46. "ASM Gold Medal Awarded to Narayan". MRS Bulletin. 25 (3): 7. March 2000. doi:10.1557/mrs2000.9. ISSN 1938-1425.
  47. "https://www.twipu.com/RandDWorld/tweet/1063649680951783426". Twipu. Retrieved 2019-10-16. External link in |title= (help)
  48. "Awards". Narayan Research Group. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  49. "2011 Acta Materialia Gold Medal". Materials Today. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  50. "ASM document".
  51. "APS Fellow Archive". American Physical Society. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  52. "National Honors for NC State Faculty". North Carolina State University. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
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