James Pinson Labulo Davies

James Pinson Labulo Davies (14 August 1828[1] – 29 April 1906[2]) was a Nigerian businessman, 19th-century African merchant-sailor, naval officer, farmer, pioneer industrialist, statesman, and philanthropist who married Sara Forbes Bonetta in colonial Lagos.[3]

James Pinson Labulo Davies
A portrait of James Pinson Labulo Davies, photographed in London in 1862
Born	James Pinson Labulo Davies 14 August 1828 Bathurst, British Sierra Leone
Died	29 April 1906 (aged 77) Lagos, Southern Nigeria Protectorate
Resting place	Ajele Cemetery
Nationality	Nigerian
Other names	Captain Davies J. P. L. Davies
Citizenship	Nigeria
Education	Church Missionary Society Grammar School
Occupation	British Naval officer, merchant, sailor, businessman, farmer and philanthropist.
Years active	1848–1906
Employer	Royal Navy
Known for	Financing CMS Grammar School, Lagos and pioneering cocoa farming in West Africa
Spouse(s)	Matilda Bonifacio Serrano ​ ​ (m. 1859; died 1860)​ Sara Forbes Bonetta ​ ​ (m. 1862; died 1880)​ Catherine Kofoworola Reffle ​ ​ (m. 1889⁠–⁠1906)​
Children	Victoria Davies (daughter) Arthur Davies (son) Stella Davies (daughter)
Parent(s)	James Davies (father) Charlotte Davies (mother)
Relatives	John Randle (physician) (son-in-law) Ameyo Adadevoh (great-great-granddaughter)

Early life, education, and naval career

James Pinson Labulo Davies was born to James and Charlotte Davies in the village of Bathurst, Sierra Leone, then a British colony. His parents were recaptive Yoruba people liberated by the British West Africa Squadron from the Atlantic Slave Trade, and whose origins were in Abeokuta and Ogbomoso respectively.[1]

Davies entered the Church Missionary Society (CMS) Grammar School, (now known as Sierra Leone Grammar School), in Freetown in 1848, where he studied mathematics, Greek, biblical and English history, geography, music and Latin. After completing his secondary education, he became a teacher with the CMS in Freetown. After his stint as a teacher Davies enlisted as a cadet with the British Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron, and served on HMS Volcano under Commander Robert Coote where he was trained in navigation and seamanship. Davies progressed from cadet to midshipman and eventually lieutenant.

Participation in the Lagos Bombardment of 1851 and merchant vessel career

Davies was a lieutenant aboard HMS Bloodhound during the Bombardment of Lagos under the command of Commander Wilmot and Commodore Henry William Bruce and in which Oba Kosoko was ousted, resulting in the ascension of Oba Akitoye. During the bombardment the British Navy lost two officers and ten men were wounded.[4] Lieutenant Davies was among the wounded.[5] Davies retired from the navy in 1852 and offered his services as a merchant vessel captain traversing the West African coast. He eventually settled in Lagos in 1856, where he became known as "Captain J.P.L Davies".

Personal life and marriages

A portrait of James Pinson Labulo Davies and Sara Forbes Bonetta, photographed in London in 1862

Davies was first married to Matilda Bonifacio Serrano, a Spanish lady from Havana, who died in 1860, nine months after their marriage.[6][7] In August 1862, Davies married Sara Forbes Bonetta, a protégée of Queen Victoria.[8] Sara Forbes Bonetta, originally named Princess Aina, was a formerly enslaved person liberated by Captain Forbes of the Bonetta after a meeting with King Ghezo of Dahomey. (Aina's village in Okeadan was raided by Dahomean warriors who killed her parents, West African royalty, when she was five; she became an enslaved person in King Ghezo's court.) Sara died of tuberculosis in 1880, and Davies married Catherine Kofoworola Reffle in 1889.[7][6][9]

Cocoa farming pioneer in West Africa

Davies is credited with pioneering cocoa farming in west Africa after obtaining the cocoa seeds from a Brazilian ship and also from the island of Fernando Po in 1879 and 1880.[10] Davies subsequently established a prosperous cocoa farm in Ijon, Western Lagos.[11] Davies also helped spread cocoa farming knowledge to Jacob Kehinde Coker, who used the proceeds from his cocoa farm to support Christian evangelical interests. J.K Coker also headed the Agege Planters Union, which spread the cocoa throughout Yoruba territory.[11] In April 1916, The Journal of African Society credited a native of Accra with introducing cocoa to mainland West Africa, but Justice W.B. Griffiths, colonial Chief Justice of Gold Coast (present day Ghana), issued a rebuttal in the June 20, 1916 edition of the crediting his father, Sir Brandford Griffiths, the British governor of Gold Coast from 1885 to 1895, with pioneering cocoa farming in Gold Coast, noting that Davies predated his father as the cocoa pioneer in West Africa. Justice Griffith wrote:

As far as I'm aware, the first person to plant cocoa on the main-land was the late Capt. J.P.L. Davies, a well known native of Lagos, who in 1882 used to tell me about the farm he had lately just made beyond the Protectorate of Lagos.[11]

Philanthropy and establishment of CMS Grammar School

Davies was also a close associate and friend of Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther.[12] Both men collaborated on a couple of Lagos social initiatives such as the opening of The Academy (a social and cultural center for public enlightenment) on 24 October 1866 with Bishop Crowther as the first patron and Davies as its first president.[13]

In April 1859 Davies provided Reverend Thomas Babington Macaulay with the seed funding to establish the CMS Grammar School, Lagos: £50 (purchasing power of ₦1.34 million as of 2014) to buy books and equipment. With the seed funds, Macaulay opened CMS Grammar School on 6 June 1859.[14]

In 1867, Davies contributed another £100 (purchasing power of ₦2.68 million as of 2014) toward a CMS Grammar School Building Fund.[15] Other contributors to the CMS building fund were non-Saros such as Taiwo Olowo, who contributed £50. Saro contributors also included men such as Moses Johnson, I.H. Willoughby, T.F. Cole, James George, and Charles Foresythe who contributed £40.[16]

Death

Captain Davies died at his Lagos home on 29 August 1906 and was buried at Ajele Cemetery in Lagos on 30 August 1906.[2]

References

1. Elebute, Adeyemo (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies: A Colossus of Victorian Lagos. Kachifo Limited/Prestige. p. 1. ISBN 9789785205763.
2. Elebute (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies. p. 234.
3. Lawrence, Andrew G.; Afe Adogame (2014-09-29). Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Hybridities. p. 123. ISBN 978-9-00-4276-9-01. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
4. Smith, Robert (1979-01-01). The Lagos Consulate 1851–1861. Macmillan. p. 27. ISBN 9780520037465.
5. Elebute (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies. p. 9.
6. Gwam, L. C. (1967). Great Nigerians: First Series. 1. Nigeria: Times Press. p. 40.
7. Adeloye, Adelola (1985). African Pioneers of Modern Medicine: Nigerian Doctors of the Nineteenth Century. University Press, 1985. p. 94. ISBN 9789781545658.
8. Herskovits Kopytoff, Jean (1965). A Preface to Modern Nigeria: the "Sierra Leonians" in Yoruba, 1830-1890. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 286.
9. Uwechue, Raph (1991). Makers of Modern Africa. University of Michigan (Africa Books Limited). p. 181.
10. Olukoju, Akyeampong, Bates, Nunn, & Robinson (2014). Africa's Development in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. ISBN 9781139992695.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
11. Elebute (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies. pp. 111–119.
12. Elebute (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies. p. 169.
13. Adedeji, J. A. "The Church and the Emergence of the Nigerian Theatre, 1866–1914". Journal of Historical Society of Nigeria. 6 (1): 228.
14. Elebute (2013). The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies. p. 190.
15. Herskovits Kopytoff (1965). A Preface to Modern Nigeria. p. 244.
16. Herskovits Kopytoff (1965). A Preface to Modern Nigeria. p. 365, note 87.