James Renwick (physicist)

James Renwick (30 May 1790 – 12 January 1863), was an English-American scientist and engineer.

For other people, see James Renwick.

James Renwick
Born(1790-05-30)30 May 1790
Liverpool, England
Died12 January 1863(1863-01-12) (aged 72)
New York City, United States
EducationColumbia College
OccupationScientist, engineer
Spouse(s)Margaret Anne Brevoort
Children4
Signature

Early life

He was born in Liverpool, England, on 30 May 1790. He was the son of Jane Jeffrey Renwick (1773–1850) and William Renwick (1769–1808). His paternal grandfather was James Renwick (1743–1803).[1]

He graduated from Columbia College in 1807.[1]

Career

In 1820, he was appointed professor of natural philosophy in that college, a position he held until 1854. In 1838, he was appointed by the U.S. government one of the commissioners to explore the line of the boundary, then settled by the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, between Maine and New Brunswick.

In addition to his collegiate duties he wrote the biographies of Robert Fulton, David Rittenhouse, and Count Rumford, in Sparks's American Biography; a Memoir of DeWitt Clinton (1834); and a Treatise on the Steam-engine (1830). His textbooks, Outlines of Natural Philosophy (1822), Elements of Mechanics (1832), and First Principles of Chemistry (1840) were among the first works of their kind published in the United States, the first and third of these, along with his other educational works, passing through multiple editions. He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1863.[2]

Engineering on the Morris Canal

Renwick was also responsible for the idea and initial design of the inclined planes on the Morris Canal.[3] The design of these planes were later copied for the Elbląg Canal in Poland.[4]

Personal life

He married Margaret Anne Brevoort (1791–1868), from a wealthy and socially prominent New York family. Together, they were the parents of:[1]

  • Henry Brevoort Renwick (1817–1895), who was a mechanical engineer and inspector of steamboat engines
  • James Renwick Jr. (1818–1895), was a noted Gothic Revival architect, designer of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York and the Smithsonian Castle in Washington, D.C., among many other buildings
  • Edward S. Renwick (1823–1912), who was a mechanical engineer, inventor and patent expert
  • Laura Renwick (1826–1879)

Renwick died in New York City on 12 January 1863.[1][5]

References
  1. "Renwick Family papers, 1794-1916". www.columbia.edu. Columbia University. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  2. "Book of Members, Chapter R" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  3. Kirby, Richard Shelton (1990). Engineering in History. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 214–215. ISBN 0486264122.
  4. "Railroad Extra, the Morris Canal and its Inclined Planes". Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  5. "Death of Professor Renwick". Chicago Tribune. 19 January 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 6 August 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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