Javad Khanate

Javad Khanate (Azerbaijani: Cavad Xanlığı, Persian: جاواد خانلیغی‎) was a khanate in the territory of modern Azerbaijan with its capital in the town of Javad. It extended from Javad on the Kura River southwest along the east side of the Aras River. It was bordered by Shamakhy Khanate (north), Karabakh Khanate (west), Karadagh khanate (southwest), Talysh Khanate (south), and Salyan Sultanate (east).

Khanate of Javad

جاواد خانلیغی
1747–1805
Javad Khanate and adjacent khantes
StatusKhanate
Under suzerainty of Iranian[1]
CapitalJavad
Religion
Shia Islam
GovernmentKhanate
Khan 
History 
• Establishment
1747
• Abolished within Russian Empire
1805
CurrencyAbbasi (currency)
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Afsharid dynasty
Shirvan Khanate
Russian Empire
Djevatskoye Uyezd
Today part of Azerbaijan

It was formed in the middle of the 18th century in the area where the Kura and Aras rivers meet. In 1768 it was dependent on the Quba Khanate. The area was annexed to Russia in 1805 (see Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)).[2]

Tsutsiev's atlas[3] shows it on the 1763-1785 map. On the 1791-1801 map its territory is part of the Shirvan Khanate with some of the south belonging to Talysh.

History

In 1768, Javad khan Taleh Hasan khan voluntarily accepted the dependence of the Quba khanate. However, khan power was kept in Javad.

This event, along with the enlargement of the territory of the Quba Khanate, also influenced the dynamics of its population. Historical sources point out that the Javad Khanate's voluntary association to the Quba khanate has a positive effect on the quantity and quality of the khanate population. The Mughan population was able to live in a stable political environment in the 60s and 80s of the eighteenth century. The Javad Khanate's history is short, and it is not selected with any attention, but it is impossible to deny its existence in the khanates system in the eighteenth century. In order to determine the historical scene of Javad Khanate, very limited, distorted and distorted information was kept in the history books and archives. The sources of the Javad Khanate's population history are quite limited and episodic. Nevertheless, it is possible to try to define the share of the population of the Javad Khanate in the political union of the North-East Azerbaijan on the basis of historical materials. In the 16th century, Javad was a half-independent khanate in the middle of the XVIII century. It was the town of Javad, which is located in the center of the Kur and Araz rivers (nowadays it is located Javad village of Sabirabad District). Javad Khanate was bordered by Shamakhi khanate from north, Lankaran khanate from south, Salyan ruler from east, and from Karabakh to Karabakh khanate. The Khanate of the Mugan Plain was a part of the Javad Khanate, a permanent winter belt of the shahsevans and other Turkish tribes. It is worth mentioning that the Javad khanate, sometimes referred to as the Mughan Khanate in the sources.

Military-political situation of Javad khanate

One of the historic events that had a substantial influence on the demographic situation of Mughan Plain and Javad city was due to the Hidayat Khan's attack on this region in 1778. Historical literature shows that the khan of the Javad Khanate, which was peacefully connected to the Quba Khanate, soon became one of the closest men of Fatali Khan. The khan of Javad was one of the most trusted men of Fatali Khan and participated in his secret meetings. The merging of Mughan, both military and strategic, meant further strengthening of the Guba khanate. Fatali Khan rivals could not adopt a policy of diplomatic maneuvering among the great powers (Russia, Qajars, Ottomans). The combination of Fatali Khan and the Mughan plains and Javad khanate in their lands did not correspond to the interests of a number of the khanates. The fact that the majority of Mughan plain, under the control of Fatali Khan, was a traditional winter grazing area of the population of the above-mentioned khanates, as well as the transfer of a part of Ardebil and Mughan people to the Guba khanate did not correspond to the interests of Gilan, Ardabil, Garadagh and other khanates.A number of south Khanates, formerly engaged in diplomatic experimentation against the Quba khanate, started a clear military intervention shortly after the defeat of Fatali Khan in 1774 in Gavdushan. Hidayat Khan of Gilan was particularly interested in this work. He united with former Aghasi Khan of Shirvan and Garagaytag. The troops of the Hidayat Khan went to Javad, the center of Javad Khanate, after robbing of Lankaran and Salyan in 1778. In April 1778, after the firing of Javad city seven times using gun the people was deeply panic. Hasan Khan felt his failure to stand up against his powerful opponents. And taking his brother and son, khan of Gilan went to the camp of Hidayat Khan. According to some information, 900 people were relocated from the city. According to another historical source, 7500 people were relocated from the city. They were driven to Rasht and Anzali for heavy land work, tower construction and agricultural work. This incident had a negative impact on the historical demographics of the Javad Khanate. The city of Javad was destroyed and did not return to its former situation. In 1781, Hasan Khan's troops united with the khans of Quba, khan of Derbent, khan of Baku, khan of Shirvan, khan of Shaki, khan of Karabakh, khan of Lankaran and khan of Ardabil) against Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the Iranian throne candidate. In 1783, Hasan Khan attacked Karabakh as part of the 13,000-strong army of Fatali Khan. Fatali Khan attacked Ardabil and Meshkin in May 1784. The emirates of Shahsevan followed him. Hasan Khan was appointed ruler of Ardabil.

Ruler
  • 1747-1750 - Qıyas Khan.
  • 1750-1789 - Hasan Khan Shahseven.
  • 1789-1794 - Ibrahım Khan.
  • 1794-1805 - Safi Khan

See also

References
  1. Bournoutian, George A. (2016). The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. xvii. ISBN 978-1909724808. Serious historians and geographers agree that after the fall of the Safavids, and especially from the mid-eighteenth century, the territory of the South Caucasus was composed of the khanates of Ganja, Kuba, Shirvan, Baku, Talesh, Sheki, Karabagh, Nakhichivan and Yerevan, all of which were under Iranian suzerainty.
  2. "Javad khanate". Azerbaijans.com.
  3. Athur Tsutsiev, Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, 2004
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