Jean Stewart, Lady Bargany

Jean Stewart, Lady Bargany, (c.1577 - 1605) was a Scottish lady in waiting to Anne of Denmark

Ardstinchar
Jean Stewart was buried at Ballantrae
The Kennedy Aisle at Ballantrae

Jean Stewart was a younger daughter of Andrew, Master of Ochiltree and Margaret Stewart, Mistress of Ochiltree. Jean was a maiden in the household of Anne of Denmark and her mother was the senior lady in waiting. Her marriage is of special interest to historians

Marriage

Jean Stewart married Gilbert Kennedy of Bargany and Ardstinchar, the third son of Thomas Kennedy of Bargany and Agnes Montgomerie daughter of Hugh Montgomerie, 2nd Earl of Eglinton. Bargany Castle, demolished in the seventeenth century, was on the south side of the Water of Girvan in Dailly parish in Ayrshire.

Two chronicles, possibly by the same author,[1] state that James VI of Scotland arranged this marriage for Kennedy to a bride without a dowry to punish the family because Thomas Kennedy laird of Bargany had taken part in a riot in Edinburgh on 17 November 1596.[2]

The older laird of Bargany had appeared with others in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh and made a religious protest. The incident was regarded as a conflict between the gentlemen of the king's household known as 'cubiculars' and the financial officers called the 'Octavians' who were unpopular with some, and thought to be led by Roman Catholic interests.[3] As the two chronicles mention, after this disturbance Lord Lindsay of the Byres' property was forfeit, and the old Laird Bargany was punished by a marriage for his son Gilbert that was to "the wreck of his house". [4] It seems likely that Jean Stewart and Gilbert Kennedy were lovers, and they may have been betrothed or handfasted at court, a practice then current in Scotland.

What is known about the marriage contract and settlement appears to contradict the story found in the chronicles. James VI bought the bride clothes and paid for food and musicians at the wedding in Edinburgh.[5]

Anne of Denmark first tried to obtain Lord Lindsay's forfeit as a dowry for her favourite, Jean Stewart.[6] Then she arranged a loan for the dowry, asking Sir William Stewart of Traquair, Jean Stewart's brother-in-law, to be a guarantor. He had protected the king on the day of the riot, and became a cautioner for the money. In 1615 the dowry or "tochter" money loan was still not repaid, and their son claimed the sum from Sir John Stuart of Traquair and his legal tutor Robert Stuart. It was noted that she was a "gentlewoman married out of the queen's company." In April 1615 the Privy Council of Scotland wrote to King James that Traquair ought not to be liable because Sir William had been following the queen's direction "whose commandment was ever unto him a law". The Privy Council of Scotland noted that the king and queen were also cautioners and "personallie bound in the contract". In May, Anne of Denmark asked her lady-in-waiting Jean Ker, Countess of Roxburghe to write to her husband to intercede with James to the same effect, to pay what Traquair owed for the dowry.[7]

Thomas Kennedy of Bargany died on 7 November 1597 and Gilbert Kennedy became the laird of Bargany and Ardstinchar.[8] Jean Stewart became known as "Lady Bargany". James VI settled the barony of Bargany on Thomas Kennedy and Jean Stewart on 12 August 1597.[9]

They had a son Thomas and two daughters who died young.

The Jean Stewart sonnet

Among sonnets possibly by the poet William Fowler in the Hawthornden manuscripts held by the National Library of Scotland,[10] one is dedicated to a Jean Stewart in anagram, blessed with a dowry, with "dowry deck'd". This poem may refer to Jean Stewart, Lady Bargany, although Sebastiaan Verweij suggests another lady was the subject. He suggests another Jean Stewart, the Jean Campbell, who was a great-granddaughter of King James IV of Scotland, and was the second wife the Duke of Lennox.[11] The sonnet is given here below with suggested modern words for the lines:

Lyke as the heavens with dowries hathe you dect / Like as the heavens with dowries hath you deck'd
Aboue the com̄on course of humaine race, / Above the common course of human race
As nature hath you clad in eche respect / As nature hath you clad in each respect
With bewtye, bounty, witt, & comly grace, / With beauty, bounty, wit, and comely grace
As all the Gods ther vertues in you place, / As all the gods their virtues in you place,
What heaven what earth or man may you devyse, / What heaven what earth or man may you devise,
As loue himself is painted in your face / As love himself is painted in your face
To hurt & heale with Archers of your eyes, / to hurt and heal with the brows of your eyes,
As chastety close hidden in you lyes, / As chastely close hidden in you lies,
As al your graces euerye man dothe muse, / As if all your graces every man doth muse,
As you to serue eche one ther spreit applyes, / As you to serve each one their spirit applies
So wish I you (A trustie ane) to chuse: / So wish I to you, one trustworthy, to choose:
And, mistris myne, if ye my truthe will trye, / And, mistress mine, If you my truth will try,
Ye shall not fynde a trustier then I. / You shall not find one more trustworthy than me.[12]

Kennedy feud

Bargany was drawn into the long standing family feud with John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis. On 3 January 1598 Thomas Kennedy of Culzean, called the Tutor of Cassilis, shot pistols at Bargany's servants Alexander Kennedy and David Mure and others at Maybole and pursuing them the next day at the Place of Auchendrane. The Tutor claimed that Alexander Kennedy had been insinuated into his household, and he had been ambushed in Maybole.[13]

Although Bargany had helped the earl at Inch Castle, on 11 December 1601 he met the earl and his followers at Pennyglen near Maybole and was killed with a lance thrust in his back.[14] The Earl claimed in his defence to the Privy Council that Bargany's party that day included men who had been denounced by the king as rebels. The Earl had a commission to pursue these rebels with fire and sword. The lawyer Thomas Hamilton challenged this defence, but Cassilis and his followers (all named) were found not guilty.[15]

Jean Stewart Lady Bargany was required to deliver her houses of Ardstinchar, Bargany, Newark, and her house in Ayr to the king's herald in 1603. She continued the feud by legal means, but also received several royal gifts by privy seal letter.[16]

Death

Jean Stewart fell ill from some sort of fever and went to see the queen's physician Martin Schöner at court in London, but he gave her no hope and she died at Stilton on her way back to Scotland on 16 August 1605.[17]

Jean Stewart was buried with her husband in the new burial aisle she had built at Ballantrae close to Ardstinchar Castle.[18] The monument has been discussed in connection with the architecture of Anna of Denmark and David Cunningham of Robertland.[19] It has been suggested the monument may be the work of the master mason David Scoughall.[20]

The will of Lady Bargany

The will of Jean Stewart gives an insight the clothes worn by a Scottish courtier, some of which were gifts from the queen, with the furnishings she owned at Ardstinchar and Bargany, and her farmstock including the four English milk cows at Bargany, her coach horses and six nags.

Personal jewelry included three gold chains, three pairs of gold bracelets, a gold belt, two gold hangers of brooches, two small jewels set with diamonds and rubies, two pairs of gold garnishings (back and fore, to wear in her hair), eight knops and finger rings, a pearl "shadow". Among the silverware there was a little silver gilt mazer or quaich. Her wardrobe included six gowns, with their doublets, skirts and vasquines, each valued at £76-13s-4d. Scots, five cloaks of silk, velvet grosgam, and taffeta at £40 each, a gown of green figured velvet, four "stands" of velvet clothes that had belonged to Gilbert Kennedy, more cloaks, red, blue, and yellow taffeta bed curtains, a scarlet embroidered "pinnacle", black figured taffeta bed curtains, red and white embroidered curtains with a red velvet "pinnacle", green damask bed curtains, gray, blue, green curtains and a scarlet canopy, red stemming, red grosgrain, and tartan curtains, tablecloths, pots, pans, spits and racks, and other household goods.

There were two "hagbuts" or muskets and six small "iron pieces" or pistols. The executor of the will was Josias Stewart of Bonytoun, sometime friend of the rebel Hercules Stewart.[21]

Thomas Kennedy of Bargany and Margaret Stewart

Their son, Thomas Kennedy of Bargany married his cousin Margaret Stewart, the daughter of Jean Stewart, Lady Bargany's brother Josias Stewart of Bonytoun, who had been the executor of Jean's will and his legal tutor. Margaret Stewart left him in 1619, complaining of his lack of respect to her and her father. On 6 October 1619 after her usual morning prayers at Bargany Castle, she was walking in the garden with her psalm book in her hands, and was surprised by her husband's servant Patrick Kennedy, who asked where she had been. Patrick complained to Thomas about her answer and said she called him "his tutor". This enraged Thomas who found her in the gardener's house and he punched and kicked her. Although the gardener Thomas Todie intervened as she tried to escape Thomas caught up with her again and dragged her by the hair back towards Bargany House (the distance of three archery butts), and up a narrow stair to the gallery, banging her head against the sides. Thomas left her unconscious on the gallery floor and locked her alone in the castle. Margaret found her way out of the back door and escaped through the hedge and waded through the deep water of the Girvan, hiding in the woods and reaching the safety of her aunt's house at Dailly the next day. Then she rode to Ardstinchar Castle hoping to find her father but had to stay in a barn until Lord Ochiltree arrived. She came to Edinburgh where her father and John Jolie, doctor of physic looked after her. Meanwhile, in November Thomas was at Ballintrae and played golf on the links called the Green of Ardstinchar with his friends. The Privy Council of Scotland upheld her complaint.[22]

References
  1. Keith Brown, 'A House Divided: Family and Feud in Carrick', The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 75, no. 200, Part 2 (October 1996), pp. 168-196 at p. 169 fn. 6.
  2. A chronicle of the kings of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1830), p. 156: Robert Pitcairn, Historical and genealogical account of the principal families of the name of Kennedy (Edinburgh, 1830), p. 24.
  3. David Masson, Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. v (Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 349, 362-3.
  4. Register of the Privy Council, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 359: Keith Brown, 'A House Divided: Family and Feud in Carrick', The Scottish Historical Review, 75:200, Part 2 (October 1996), pp. 168-196 at p. 178: Julian Goodare, 'James VI's English Subsidy', Julian Goodare & Michael Lynch, The Reign of James VI (Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), p. 124.
  5. Letters to King James the Sixth from the Queen, Prince Henry, Prince Charles, The Princess Elizabeth (Edinburgh, 1835), pp. lxxi-lxxii: Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019) p. 148.
  6. Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1952), p. 425.
  7. The Melros Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 205-6; Jean Drummond's letter is in the National Library of Scotland Adv MS 31.1.1 vol. 6/35.
  8. Keith Brown, 'A House Divided: Family and Feud in Carrick', The Scottish Historical Review, 75:200, Part 2 (October 1996), pp. 168-196 at p. 180.
  9. National Records of Scotland, Register of the Privy Seal, PS1/69 ff.182-3.
  10. Sarah M. Dunnigan, Eros and Poetry in the Courts of Mary Queen of Scots and James VI (Palgrave, 2002), p. 208.
  11. Sebastiaan Verweij, The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland (Oxford, 2017), p. 107.
  12. Sonnet XVI
  13. Register of the Privy Council, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 441, 442-3.
  14. Keith Brown, 'A House Divided: Family and Feud in Carrick', The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 75, no. 200, Part 2 (October 1996), pp. 168-196 at p. 184.
  15. David Masson, Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 347-350.
  16. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 454, 578-9, 793, 790.
  17. Robert Pitcairn, Historical and Genealogical Account of the Principal Families of the Name of Kennedy (Edinburgh, 1830), pp. 67-86.
  18. Andrew Spicer, "Burial and the Development of Aisles in Post Reformation Scotland", in Bruce Gordon & Peter Marshall, The Place of the Dead (Cambridge, 2000), p. 166.
  19. Aonghus MacKechnie, 'Sir David Cunningham of Robertland: Murderer and 'Magna Britannia's' First Architect', Architectural History, vol. 52 (2009), pp. 79–115 at p. 91.
  20. 'THE SCHAW MONUMENT', Church Monuments Society.
  21. James Paterson, History of the County of Ayr, vol. 1 (Ayr, 1847), p. 380-2: Will '1620 Stewart, Jean', NRS ECC9/7/17 pp. 227-232.
  22. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1895), pp. 144, 147-8, 227-9, 236, 347.
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