Joe Freeman Britt

Joe Freeman Britt Sr. (July 23, 1935 – April 6, 2016) was an American attorney and judge who developed a national reputation as a tough prosecutor, and for successfully pursuing a large number of death penalty convictions. He was also well-known by the judicial system for having misconduct in approximately one third of his cases, such as hiding evidence from the defence.[1] The Guinness Book of World Records lists him as the "deadliest prosecutor in America", with 47 death row convictions to his name as of 1988.[2]

Joe Freeman Britt
District Attorney of Robeson County, North Carolina
Personal details
Born
Joe Freeman Britt

(1935-07-23)July 23, 1935
DiedApril 6, 2016(2016-04-06) (aged 80)
Lumberton, North Carolina, U.S.

Life

Britt earned his law degree from Stetson University College of Law in Florida in 1963.[3] He lived in Lumberton, North Carolina.[4] He was district attorney in Lumberton, North Carolina.[5] Joe Freeman Britt died Wednesday, April 6, 2016 in Lumberton at the age of 80.[6][7]

Prosecution and eventual release of Leon Brown and Henry Lee McCollum

Among the cases he prosecuted were those of Leon Brown and Henry Lee McCollum, illiterate African American teenagers with very low IQs; the younger boy was only 15 years old.[8][9] They were convicted in North Carolina of the 1983 rape and murder of 11-year-old Sabrina Buie. Their convictions rested heavily on confessions coerced from and scripted for them over five hours of intense questioning by detectives, in the absence of attorneys. They soon recanted them.[10]

Police failed to turn over to the brothers' defense and denied the existence of retained physical exculpatory evidence for 30 years. The convictions were overturned after DNA evidence implicated then-convicted sex offender Roscoe Artis, who was found guilty of a similar murder he perpetrated in the same neighborhood less than a month after the Buie killing. Both brothers were originally sentenced to death but were released after 30 years in prison. Even in the light of the scientific evidence, Britt refused to acknowledge the men's innocence.[11][12]

Britt's multiple oversights in the case raised the question of whether he was negligent in his prosecutions of Brown and McCollum, or even whether he intentionally overlooked evidence that could have exonerated them (especially since Britt had requested that a fingerprint comparison test between Artis and prints found at the crime scene be cancelled after the trial had concluded). A September 2014 story by The Charlotte Observer revealed that Britt's enthusiastic prosecution of Brown and McCollum overlooked glaring evidence that implicated Artis. First, Britt himself had convicted Artis for a similar crime just one month before McCollum and Brown went to trial. Second, Artis lived next to the field where Buie's body was found. Third, Artis also faced a warrant for the 1980 rape and murder of a woman in Gastonia, North Carolina.[10]

In 2015, with the two convicts released by the court due to the DNA analysis, Britt still opposed a pardon and compensation for wrongful imprisonment of the two. Governor Pat McCrory had also not acted on the pardon and compensation six months after the release.[13]

On June 4, 2015, nine months after their release, McCrory issued a formal pardon to Brown and McCollum. McCrory said "it's the right thing to do". The brothers were therefore able to seek compensation for false imprisonment.[14]

Judicial election and opponent's murder

In 1988, the North Carolina General Assembly created a new Superior Court Judgeship in Robeson County. Britt was the first to announce his candidacy. Seeing an opportunity to be the first Native American superior court judge in North Carolina, Lumbee civil rights activist Julian Pierce resigned from his position as director of Lumbee River Legal Services and entered the race as Britt's opponent.[15]

On March 26, 1988, just a few weeks before the election, Pierce's body was found in his home with shotgun wounds to his head, chest, and stomach. Though local law enforcement claimed they had located the murderer, who committed suicide prior to an arrest or trial taking place, the reasons for the murder continue to be debated.[16] In the aftermath, Britt was automatically declared the winner of the primary election. However, some reporters and campaign workers counted the votes and determined that Pierce actually won the vote posthumously, 10,787 to 8,231.[15]

References
  1. "42 Killers Sentenced to Die : Tenacious North Carolina Prosecutor Builds His Life on Death". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  2. Brower, Montgomery (18 April 1988). "The Murder of Julian Pierce Provokes Grief and Grievances in Troubled Robeson County". People. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  3. "Prosecutor Wins Death Sentences", New York Times, December 25, 1985.
  4. Schudel, Matt (16 April 2016). "Joe Freeman Britt, prosecutor who sent dozens to death row, dies at 80". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  5. Oppel, Richard A., Jr. (2014-09-07). "As Two Men Go Free, a Dogged Ex-Prosecutor Digs In". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  6. Woolverton, Paul, "World's 'deadliest' prosecutor, Robeson County's Joe Freeman Britt, dies at 80", fayobserver.com, April 7, 2016.
  7. Blinder, Alan (2016-04-12). "Joe Freeman Britt, Called America's 'Deadliest D.A.,' Dies at 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  8. North Carolina Men Are Released After Convictions Are Overturned, 2014/09/04.
  9. DNA Evidence Clears Two Men in 1983 Murder, 2014/09/02.
  10. DNA evidence could free 2 men in 1983 case, 2014/09/02.
  11. "Brothers Convicted in 1983 North Carolina Murder Are Freed After DNA Tests". New York Times. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  12. Pilkington, Ed, "DNA evidence could exonerate two in North Carolina death row case", The Guardian, September 2, 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  13. Blinder, Alan, "Pardons Elude North Carolina Men Exonerated After Decades in Prison", New York Times, March 16, 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-16.
  14. Berman, Mark (2015-06-04). "North Carolina governor pardons two men who spent 30 years behind bars". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  15. ""Julian Pierce '76 An attorney who was "for the people""" (PDF). 2006-02-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
  16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), 2014/03/20.
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