John Chevir

John Chevir (c. 1410 – 1474) was an Irish judge and politician of the fifteenth century. He held the offices of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and Master of the Rolls in Ireland, and was also one of the first recorded Speakers of the Irish House of Commons.[1]

He was born in Kilkenny, a younger son of John Chevir senior, justice of the peace for County Kilkenny. He was the brother of William Chevir (died 1446) who also had a successful, if somewhat turbulent, political career. William held office as a judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland), Deputy Treasurer of Ireland and Deputy to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.[2]

John was studying law at Lincoln's Inn in 1442. A few years afterwards he was acting as legal adviser to James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormonde, in London. He returned to Ireland before 1450. John and his brother were strong supporters of the Earl of Ormonde's faction, which was one of the two main parties in Irish politics in the 1430s and 1440s.[3] He was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1450;[4] this was then a less important office than it became later, its duties being administrative rather than judicial. It was clearly a part-time office since he was returned to the Irish House of Commons at the same time and was one of its first known Speakers. The Parliament of 1463 passed an Act restoring to him the mill and watercourse at Esker;[5] these were probably attached to the manor of Esker near Lucan, Dublin, a Crown property which was often leased to public servants for their lifetime. In 1468 he was appointed joint Lord Chief Justice with Sir Thomas Fitz-Christopher Plunket and became the sole Chief Justice in 1471. He remained in office until his death in 1474.[6] He left part of his estate to his successor in office, Philip Bermingham, who was probably a relation by marriage.[7]

He married Anne Bermingham, who outlived him. Given his unusual surname (which is thought to be the original form of Cheever[8] it is quite likely that they were the parents of John Chevir, a merchant of Dublin, who in 1479 was one of those permitted by Edward IV to build a chantry at the Church of St. Nicholas Without, Dublin.[9]

References

1. Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 John Murray London 1926 Vol.1 p.102
2. Ball, p.177
3. Ball p. 180
4. Statute of the Irish Parliament 29 Henry VI c.9 "Confirmation of Letters Patent to John Chevir, Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery"
5. Statute of the Irish Parliament 3 Edward IV c.24 "John Chevir restored to the mill of Esker, watercourse etc." This statute was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 2007
6. Ball p.180
7. Register of Wills and Inventories of the Diocese of Dublin in the time of Archbishops Tregury and Walton 1457-1483 Berry, Henry editor Dublin University Press 1898
8. Chevyr was another contemporary spelling.
9. Gilbert, Sir John History of Dublin Vol.1 1854 James McGlashan Dublin p.183